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Bis 101
Lecture 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is simple Mendelian inheritance? | When one gene is completely dominant over another |
| What is X-linked inheritance? | When a pair of dominant and recessive alleles is found on the X chromosomes |
| How does protein production explain the dominance of a particular allele? | The dominant allele produces enough of a single protein to completely mask the recessive allele. |
| Define Pleiotropy | When the mutation in a single gene has multiple effects |
| Define hemizygous | When a single genotype codes for a phenotype Ex: X-linked traits in men |
| Who passes on an X-linked recessive trait? | If men have the mutant gene then they cannot pass it down to the sons because they only pass on Y's. However affected men will always father a heterozygous female who can then pass it down to her children. |
| Who passes on an X-linked dominant trait? | Fathers daughters are always affected, however, only the mothers can have affected male offspring and female affected offspring. |
| Who passes on a Y-linked trait? | 1: Always dominant cause there is only one gene 2: Another example of hemizygous 3: Only the fathers pass it onto their sons, 100% of the time. |
| What did Thomas Hunt Morgan do? | He found the location of the X-lined gene, the first gene to be found on a chromosome. He did this by experimenting with red-eyed and white-eyed flies. |
| What are the three different mechanisms for identifying sex genes in the animal kingdom? | X-Y system: XX for women, XY for men X-O system: XX for women, X or XO for men Z-W system: ZW for women, ZZ for men |
| How do X and Y genes chromosomes pair as homologs? | While the center of the X and Y genes are different, the ends have nodes on them that attract to one another like a magnet. |
| What is Extranuclear inheritance? | When a gene is not found on the chromosomes. Ex: The mitochondria and the chloroplast of plants contain their own DNA |
| How is mtDNA different from DNA? | 1: It has 37 genes with noncoding sequences 2: It doesn't cross over and has little DNA repair 3: The mutation rate is greater then in normal DNA |
| What is Heteroplasmy? | The condition where the mtDNA sequence is not the same in all copies of the genome |
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24rory
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