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Energy and Metabolis
Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| First Law of Thermodynamics | "study of energy" |
| First Law of Thermodynamics 2 | energy can not be created or destroyed: it can only be changed from one form --> heat is lost |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | states that disorder in the universe is continuously increasing |
| entropy | measure of the disorder |
| What is Energy? | the ability to do work |
| What is work? | the ability to move and object |
| Bioenergentics | how energy gets used and converted in living systems |
| metabolism | refers to the total of all chemical reactions carried out by an organism |
| Anabolism | reaction that uses energy to make bonds |
| catabolism | reeaction tha gets energy when bonds are formed |
| Kenetic Energy | energy in motion |
| potiential energy | energy at rest |
| valence electrons | the further away from the nucleus, the more energy |
| oxidation | when a molecule losses an electron |
| oxidation 2 | loss of energy |
| reduction | when a molecule accepts electrons |
| reduction 2 | gains of energy |
| calories | heat changes (energy) is measured in this? |
| calorie | amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram H2O 1*C |
| 1000 cal= | 1 kcal |
| Free Energy | Energy that is avaible to do work |
| Free Energy | G |
| Exergonic | reactants ----^----> products |
| Endergonic | reactants ----!----products ^ |
| Exergoinc 2 | energy released |
| endergonic 2 | energy put in |
| catalyst | such as enzyme helps reduce the amount of activation energy required to start a reacction |
| enzyme | biological catalyst |
| enzyme 2 | speeed up chamical reaction by reducing the amount of activation energy required |
| substrate | the substance that will be catalyzed |
| active sites | "pockets" "clefts" on the surface of a globular enzyme |
| active sites 2 | spot where the substrate bonds |
| active sites 3 | enzyme amino acid groups react with the bonds holding the substance together and weaken it |
| Certain factors that influence the shape of an enzyme | temperature, pH, salt concentration, binding of regulatory molecules |
| Temperature | it is true that as temp increases --- so does rate of chemical reactions |
| Temp 2 | however, enzymes can only work in narrow tmep ranges |
| to cold | enzyme not flexible |
| to hot | enzyme too flexible ans can not maintain shape |
| temperature optimum | the narrow range in which enzymes work (35* to 40*) |
| pH | enzyme work efficiently at certain p H levels |
| pH 2 | it is because some enzymes are sensitive to H+ ions and can dissociate in their presence ex: pepsin |
| inhibitor | binds to an enzyme changes its shape decreases its activity |
| competitive inhibitor | same binding site |
| noncompetitive | distant site from active site |
| coenzymes | non-protein, organic, help enzymes work |
| NAD+ | Nicotinamide aderine dinucleotide |
| ATP | Adosine triphote |
| ATP 2 | nucleic |
Created by:
jksboom
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