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DNA and Synth

Nucleotides and DNA Replication.

QuestionAnswer
Name the three components of A Nucleotide: A Phosphoric Acid, a Pentose Sugar (either Ribose or Deoxyribose) and a Nitrogenous Base.
Name the FIVE Nitrogenous Bases involved in DNA and RNA: Thymine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine and Adenine.
Which bases are different in RNA to DNA: DNA has Adenine and Thymine whereas RNA has Adenine and Uracil. (DNA = A,T,C,G and RNA = A,U,C,G).
State the Names of DNA and RNA: DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid, RNA = Ribonucleic Acid)
What is the Pentose Sugar in DNA? Deoxyribose: Ribose with one fewer Oxygen.
What is the Pentose Sugar in RNA? Ribose.
What type of reactions forms the bonds between the basic components of a Nucleotide? Condensation Reaction between the Pentose sugar and Phosphoric Acid and between the Pentose Sugar and Nitrogenous Base.
Nucleotides are the Monomers of: Polynucleotides. (Nucleic Acids).
Describe how Mononucleotides form Polynucleotides: Further Condensation reactions take place between the Pentose sugar of one Mononucleotide and the Phosphate group of another.
Name the two types of Nitrogenous bases: Purines (Adenine (A and G) and Guanine) and Pyrimidines (Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil).
Describe structure of DNA and RNA (general): Polynucleotides composed of Mononucleotides linked through condensation reactions .
Describe how Hydrogen bonding comes about in DNA: Complementary Base Pairing. A and T form hydrogen bonds, as do C and G.
Complementary Base Pairing: The pairing of a Purine base and a Pyrimidines that occurs in the double strands of DNA, held together by Hydrogen Bonds.
mRNA: Messenger RNA - Found in Nucleus and Cytoplasm, is transcribed from DNA in the Nucleus (with bases U,A,C,G), moves to the surface of a Ribosome to be translated into a sequence of Amino Acids.
A Codon: A sequence of three Bases on a strand of DNA/RNA that codes for one specific Amino Acid, eg; ACA on RNA = Threonine.
Gene: A sequence of Bases on a strand of DNA that codes for a sequence of Amino Acids in one polypeptide chain. Also a basin unit of Inheritance.
Transcription: The process of building a strand of mRNA complementary to the Antisense (template) strand of DNA, with the use of the enzyme RNA Polymerase. Occurs in the Nucleus.
Mutation: An alteration in the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule.
Mutagen: A factor that increases the risk of a Mutation occurring.
Name the two types of mutations: Gene Mutations (point) and Chromosomal mutations.
Name the 3 different types of POINT mutations: Addition/Insertion, Deletion and Substitution.
Why can point mutations be devastating to an Organism? Because they alter the whole DNA
Created by: mjwilson1988
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