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Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Layer of fibrous connective tissue separating individual skeletal muscles | fascia |
| Cordlike or bandlike mass of dense connective tissue that connects muscle to bone | tendon |
| Fibers in a tendon may intertwine with what other fibers | periosteum |
| Sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone and other muscles | aponeurosis |
| Outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle | epimysium |
| sheath of connective tissue that encloses a bundle of muscle fibers or a fascicle | perimysium |
| small bundle of muscle fibers | fascicles |
| connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber | endomysium |
| A muscle fiber is also called a what | muscle cell |
| Muscle membrane | sarcolemma |
| muscle cytoplasm | sarcoplasm |
| any of the thread like bundles of filaments in muscle cells | myofibril |
| protein in a muscle fiber that forms the thin filaments that slide between the filaments of myosin shortening the muscle fibers contraction | actin |
| protein that forms the thick filament, that with actin, causes muscle contraction | myosin |
| structural and functional unit of a myofibril | sarcomere |
| molecules that have three protein subunits that are attached to actin | troponin |
| rod shaped molecules that occupy the longitudinal grooves of the actin helix | tropomyosin |
| Striated muscle, under conscious control that is attached to bone | skeletal muscle |
| striated, involuntary controlled muscle that is in the wall of the heart | cardiac muscle |
| non-striated muscle that is not under conscious control that is found in most viscera, blood vessels and skin | smooth muscle |
| excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity | traits of muscle tissue |
| Muscle contracts and changes length | isotonic |
| muscle contracts but does not change length | isometric |
| immovable end of muscle | origin |
| movable end of muscle | insertion |
| primarily responsible for movement | prime mover (agonist) |
| resists prime movers action and causes movement in the opposite direction | antagonist |
| light bands composed of thin filaments held by direct attachments to Z lines | I bands |
| appear in the center of I bands | Z lines |
| dark bands composed of thick filaments overlapping thin actin filaments | A bands |
| slightly lighter region of A band that consists of only thick filaments | H zone |
| thickening of A band that consists of proteins that help hold thick filaments in place | M line |
| network of membranous channels that surrounds each myofibril and runs parallel to it | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| set of membranous channels that extends into the sarcoplasm, continuous with sarcolemma and contains extra cellular fluid | transverse tubules (t-tubule) |
| enlarged portion of sarcoplasmic reticulum that lies on either side of the t-tubule to form the triad | cisternae |
| a process of the neuron that extends from the cell body and is capable of conduction action potentials | axon |
| The site os neuonal functional connection | synapse |
| chemicals responsible for communication between neurons | neurotransmitters |
| neurons that control effectors | motor neurons |
| the synapse where a motor neuron axon and a skeletal muscle fiber meet | neuromuscular junction |
| how are neurotransmitters stored in the distal end of an axon | in synaptic vesicles |
| neurotransmitter used to control skeletal muscle fiber contraction | Acetylcholine |
| how do muscles get rid of waste | via veins |
| myosin and actin only slightly over lap | relaxed muscle |
| sarcomeres shorten and regions overlap | stimulated muscle (contraction)inheritable disease in which cells fail to make dystropin and is found only in males |
| holds actin filiments together | dystropin |
| nerve impulse | action potential |
| neuromuscular disease in which ACh receptors are defective | myasthenia gravis |
| posses acetylcholinesterase or block ACh receptors | animal toxins or venom |
| produces neurotoxins that block the release of neuro transmitters | botulism |
| lack neuromuscular junctions | smooth and cardiac muscles |
| cardiac muscles cells are connected by these | intercalated discs |
| neurotransmitter is ACh and norepinephrine | smooth muscle |
| has no troponin or tropomyosin | smooth muscle |
| nerves innervate directly and release neurotransmitter | smooth muscle |
| protein that reacts with calcium to activate myosin heads in smooth myscle | calmodulin |
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