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Cells Honors Bio
Cell Unit A Quiz 10/10/12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Used primitive light microscopes to look at slices of cork; saw thousands of tiny chambers that he dubbed "cells" | Robert Hooke |
| observed microscopic organisms in a drop of pond water | Anton Vonleeuwenhoek |
| proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells | Rudolf Virchow |
| proposed that all plants are made of cells | Matthias Schleiden |
| proposed that all animals are made of cells | Theodore Schwann |
| first part of cell theory | All living things are composed of cells. |
| second part of cell theory | Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. |
| third part of cell theory | All cells come from pre-existing cells. |
| All cells have what? | Cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, ribosomes |
| Cell membrane and cytoplasm, occasional cell wall, do not have nuclei or other organelles, flagella/cilia, EX. Bacteria | Prokaryotes |
| Cell membrane, cytoplasm, occasional cell wall, nuclei and other organelles, unicellular or multicellular, EX. Plant and Animal | Eukaryotes |
| Size of Prokaryotes | 1-10 microns |
| Size of Eukaryotes | 10-100 microns |
| Theory to determine how eukaryotes arose; mainly concerns mitochondria and chloroplast | Endosymbiont Theory |
| Endosymbiont Theory itself | Ancient prokaryote ingested a smaller prokaryote but didn't digest it, rather they lived symbiotically |
| Why study cells? | They make up our bodies and do the work of life |
| Work of life? | Gas exchange (breathe), take in and digest food (eat), make ATP, build molecules, remove wastes, maintain homeostasis, respond to external environment, build more cells |
| Jobs of cells? | Make ATP, make proteins, make more cells |
| Organelles | do the work of the cell, each has a job to do, keeps the cell alive, keeps you alive |
| Power-making organelles? | Cell membrane, lysosomes, vacuoles/vesicles, mitochondria, chloroplasts |
| Protein-making organelles? | Nucleus, Ribosomes, ER, Golgi Apparatus |
| Cell-making organelles? | Centriole |
| Cell Membrane | separates cell from outside, controls entrance and exit, recognizes signals |
| Vesicle | moves materials around the cell |
| Vacuole | Stores materials |
| Lysosome | digests food used to make ATP, clean up/recycle old organelles and parts |
| Mitochondria | makes ATP from cellular respiration, which fuels the work of life |
| Chloroplast | makes energy and sugar from sunlight through photosynthesis |
| ATP= | active energy |
| Sugar= | stored energy |
| Nucleus | control center, protects DNA instructions for protein synthesis |
| Ribosome | makes proteins by reading instructions in DNA |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough) | helps complete proteins after built by ribosomes |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth) | build membranes |
| Golgi Apparatus | finishes, sorts, labels, ships proteins in vesicles |
| Make more cells steps= | copy DNA, make extra organelles, divide between daughter cells |
| Centrioles | help coordinate cell division, only in animal cells, found in pairs |
| Cytoskeleton | maintains shape, facilitates movement, protects, transports within cell, microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments |
| Plasmodesmata | membrane-linked channel that connects cytoplasm between plant cells; allow cytoplasm and macromolecules to travel between cells |
| Glycocalyx | strengthens cell surface, helps glue animal cells together |
| Tight Junctions | hold cells together to completely block transport |
| Desmosomes | rivet cells together into strong sheets but permit transport |
| Gap Junctions | analogous to plasmodesmata in plant cells |
| Phospholipids | make up most of cell membrane, two nonpolar, hydrophilic fatty acid tails and a polar, hydrophobic phosphate head |
| Cholesterol | temperature buffer, prevents membrane from becoming too solid or too liquid, source of steroid hormones |
| Peripheral Proteins | located on interior or exterior of membrane, used for cell and hormone recognition |
| Integral Proteins | span the membrane, embedded within it, facilitate substance passage too big to pass through the bilayer, may look like channels or will change shape as transporting |
| Carbohydrates | allow for cell recognition and groups of cells to organize into tissues, can attach to cell membrane or peripheral proteins |
| Fluid mosaic | phospholipids and proteins can move freely, pattern produced by scattered proteins |
| Selectively permeable | Polar Head + Nonpolar Tails = selective membrane in what crosses |
| Hydrophobic molecules | pass easily |
| Hydrophilic molecules | do not pass easily |
Created by:
reneslacis
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