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Mod 5B A&P Ch. 9&10
Nervous System and Senses (DL)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Neurotransmitters | chemicals by which neurons communicate |
| Lens | Structure that ciliary muscles pull to help the eye focus |
| Three parts of a neuron | Cell body, dendrites, axon |
| Neuroma | nervous system tumors |
| Dendrites | Branching, nerve cell process that transmits impulses toward the body. |
| Neuron | nerve cell |
| Photorecptors | light |
| Presbycusis | Hearing loss in the elderly |
| Motor Neurons | transmit impulses away from the brain & spinal cord and conduct impulses to muscle and glandular epithelial tissue |
| How many nervous system pathways? | two neuron pathway |
| Cornea | Window of the eye |
| Retina | innermost layer contains rods and cones |
| Rods | Night vision |
| Cones | Day vision |
| Alzheimer's Disease | no known cause/dementia |
| Three layers of the eye | sclera, choroid and retina |
| sclera | white of the eye |
| Aqueous humor | watery fluid in front of the lens |
| Vitreous humor | jelly-like fluid behind the lens |
| refraction disorders | myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism |
| Myopia | nearsightedness |
| Hyperopia | farsightedness |
| Astigmatism | curvature or irregularity in the cornea or lens |
| newborns | eye drops to prevent infection |
| Three types of neurons | sensory, motor, interneurons |
| otitis | ear infection in the middle ear |
| Parkinson Disease | low levels of dopamine |
| gray matter | unmyelinated axons & dendrites |
| sensory neurons | transmit impulses to the spinal cord & brain from all parts of the body |
| cataract | milky in appearance (can be caused by overexposure to UV rays) |
| macular degeneration | leading cause of blindness in the elderly (degeneration of retina) |
| Thermoreceptors | temperature change |
| chemorecptors | chemical |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | stroke |
| ossicles | tiny bones in the ear |
| otoscope | lighted instrument to examine the external ear canal |
| tympanic membrance | eardrum |
| Divisons of the brain | Brainstem, Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Cerebellum |
| Parts of the brainstem | medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain (lowest part of the brain) |
| tinnitus | ringing in the ear |
| Special Senses | Eye, Ear, Nose, Taste |
| Cerebrum | largest and uppermost part of the brain, controls conscienceness, memory, sensations, emotions and voluntary movements. |
| glaucoma | excessive intraocular pressure caused by abnormal accumulation of aqueous humor |
| color blindness | mostly in men and is inherited |
| organ of corti | organ of hearing |
| ear bones | malleus, incus, stapes |
| cerumen | waxy substance |
| myelin | white fatty substance |
| epi | above or outermost layer |
| Nodes of Ranvier | indentation between Schwann cells |
| Two Point discrimination | ability to distinguish one touch stimulus from two |
| withdrawal reflex | a reflex that moves a body part away from an irritating stimulus |
| choroid | middle layer of the eyeball- contains dark pigment to prevent scattering of incoming light rays-involuntary muscle/iris ciliary body |
| gyri | ridges of the brain |
| hypothalamus | produces antidiuretic (ADH) and regulates water balance and body temperature |
| medulla oblongata | enlarged upward extension of the spinal cord and lowest part of the brain stem. (responsible for vitals-vital center) |
| scotoma | loss of only the center of the visual field |
| sulcus | furrow or groove |
| auricle | the appendage on the side of the head surrounding the opening of the external acoustic canal |
| reflex arc | neuron pathway that allows an impulse to travel only in one direction |
| receptors | beginnings of dendrites of sensory neurons |
| ganglion | group of nerve cell bodies that are unmyelinated nerve tissue |
| synapse | space between adjacent neurons |
| nerve impulse | signals that carry information along the nerves |
| three structures of synapse | synaptic cleft, synaptic knob and plasma membrane |
| osteosclerosis | inherited bone disorder that impairs hearing |
| Meniere Disease | chronic inner ear disease characterized by tinnitus, nerve deafness and vertigo |
| mechanorecptors | hearing/balance |
| corpus callosum | connects the two halfs of the brain |
| epithelium | cavity that houses the ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes |
| conjunctiva | mucous membrane covering the front surface of the sclera and lining the eyelid |
| thalamus | helps produce sensations, associates sensations with emotions, and arousal |
| cerebral cortex | thin layer of gray matter that makes up surface of the cerebrum |
| cerebral palsy | abnormal condition due to damage of motor control areas of the brain at birth or shortly after birth |
| neurolemma | outer layer of schwann cell |
| Huntington Disease | inherited; characterized by chorea (involuntary movements) |
| meninges | tough fluid membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord |
| hydrocephalus | water on the brain |
| perilymph | watery fluid in bony labyrinth |
| bony labyrinth | fluid filled maze in the inner ear |
| eustachian tube | connects the throat with middle ear |
| ceruminous glands | produce waxy substance cerumen |
| mechanorecptors | hearing and balance |
| cerebellum | second larges part of the brain- production of normal movements |
| Three layers of spinal meninges | Dura mater, pia, arachnoid mater |
| neuroblastoma | malignant tumor of sympathetic nervous system |
| sulci | grooves of the brain |
| schwann cells | large nucleated cells that form myelin |
| multiple sclerosis | most common & primary disease of the CNS. Destorys myelin and mostly occurs in women 20-40 |
| glia cells | produce myelin and are supporting cells |
| tracts | bundles of axons |
| ologodendrocytes | help hold nerve fibers together |
| microglia | connective tissue in the brain and spinal cord |
| astrocytes | a neuroglia cell with threadlike branches attaches to neurons and to small blood vessels and holds the structures together |
| interneurons | conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons |
| axons | nerve cells process that transmits impulses away form the cell body |
| proproceptors | position of body (parts or changes in muscle length or tension) |
| cochlea | inner ear stucture (snail/shell like) |
Created by:
ROSSMIBOA
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