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Biology - Chap. 7
Vocabulary
| Question | cells |
|---|---|
| idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things and new call are produces only from existing cells. | cell theory |
| nucleus | a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material as DNA. |
| cells that contain nuclei | eukaryotes |
| cells that do not contain nuclei | prokaryotes |
| specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell | organelle |
| the portion of the cell outside of the nucleus | cytoplasm |
| two membranes surrounding the nucleus | nuclear envelope |
| granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins | chromatin |
| threadlike structures within the nucleus containing the information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next. | chromosomes |
| inside the nuclei; small, dense structures where the assembly of ribosomes begins. | nucleolus |
| small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. | ribosomes |
| internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified. | endoplasmic reticulum |
| stack of membrane in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the ER. | Golgi apparatus |
| small organelles filled with enzymes; digest lipids, carbs, and proteins. | lysosomes |
| saclike structures in cells that store water, salts, proteins, carbs, and other materials | vacuoles |
| organelles that convert he chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. | mitochondria |
| organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. | chloroplasts |
| a network of protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape. | cytoskeleton |
| not in plants; one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope. | centrioles |
| a thin, flexible barrier surrounding all cells. | cell membrane |
| a strong, supporting layer around the membrane | cell wall |
| double layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes | liquid bilayer |
| the mass of solute in a given volume of solution | concentration |
| a process in which particles move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. | diffusion |
| reached when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system | equilibrium |
| the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | osmosis |
| when the concentration of two solutions is the same | isotonic |
| when comparing two solutions, the solution with the higher concentration of solutes | hypertonic |
| the solution with a lower concentration | hypotonic |
| movement of specific molecules across cell membranes | facilitated diffusion |
| energy requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference | active transport |
| the process of taking material into the cell by leans of infoldings of the cell membranes | endocytosis |
| process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell | phagocytosis |
| process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment | pinocytosis |
| process by which a cell releases large amounts of material | exocytosis |
| the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks | cell specialization |
| a group of similar cells that perform a particular function | tissue |
| tissues that work together | organ |
| group of organs that work to do a specific function | organ system |
| the basic unit of life | cell |
Created by:
Olivia13
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