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Test3_Chapter 42
Endocrine Chapter 42
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acromegaly | disease process resulting from excesive secretion of somatotropin; causes progressive enlargement of peripheral body parts. |
| addisonian crisis | acute adrenocortical insufficiency;characterized by hypotension, cyanosism, fever, nausea/vomiting, and classic signs of shock; precipitated by stress or abrupt withdrawal of therapeutic glucocorticoids. |
| Addison's disease | chronic adrenocortical insufficiency secondary to destruction of the adrenal glands. |
| adrenalectomy | surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands. |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, essential for growth and development. |
| adrenogenital syndrome | masculinization in women, feminization in men, or premature sexual development in children; result of abnormal secretion of adrenocortical hormones, especially androgens. |
| androgens | hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex; stimulate activity of accessory male sex organs and development of male sex characteristics. |
| basal metabolic rate | chemical reactions occurring when the body is in rest. |
| calcitonin | hromone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland; participates in calcium regulation. |
| Chvostek's sign | spasm of the facial muscles produced by sharply tapping over the facial nerve in front of the parotid gland and anterior to the ear; suggestive of latent tetany in patients with hypocalcemia. |
| corticosteriods | hormones produced by the adrenal cortex or their synthetic equivalents; also referred to as adrenal-cortical hormone and andrenocorticosteroid; consist of glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and androgens. |
| cretinism | stunted body growth and mental development appearing during the first year of life as a result of cogenital hypothyroidism. |
| Cushing's syndrome | group of symptoms produced by an excess of free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex; characterized by truncal obesity, "moon face," acne, abdominal striae, and hypertension. |
| diabetes insipidus | condition in which abnormally large volumes of dilute urine are excreted as a result of deficient production of vasopressin. |
| dwarfism | generalized limited growth resulting from insufficient secretion of growth hormone during childhood. |
| endocrine | secreting internally; hormonal secretion of a ductless gland. |
| euthyroid | state of normal thyroid hormone production. |
| exocrine | secreting externally; hormonal secretion from excretory ducts. |
| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs. |
| glucocorticoids | steriod hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH; produce a rise of liver glycogen and blood glucose. |
| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland; usually caused by an iodine-deficient diet. |
| Graves'disease | a form of hyperthyroidism; characterized by a diffuse goiter and exopthalmos. |
| hormones | chemical transmitter substances produced in one organ or part of the body and carried by the bloodstream to other cells or organs on which they have a specific regulatory effect; produced mainly by endocrine glands. |
| hypophysectomy | removal or destruction of all or part of the pituitary gland. |
| mineralocorticoid | steriod of the adrenal cortex. |
| myxedema | severe hypothyroidism characterized by an accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in interstitial tissues, a masklike expression, puffy eyelids, loss of eyebrow hair, thick lips, and a broad tongue. |
| negative feedback | regulating mechanism in which an increase or decrease in the level of a substance decreases or increases the function of the organ producing the substance. |
| oxytocin | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary; causes myometrial contraction at term and milk release during lactation. |
| pheochromocytoma | chromaffin cell tumor, usually benign, located in the adrenal medulla; characterized by secretion of catecholamines resulting in hypertension, severe headache, profuse sweating, visual blurring, anxiety, and nausea. |
| syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion | excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland despite low serum osmolality level. |
| thyroidectomy | surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. |
| thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid gland; may lead to chronic hypothyroidism or may resolve spontaneously. |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone | released from the pituitary gland; causes stimulation of the thyroid; resulting in release of T3 and T4. |
| thyroid storm | severe life-threatening hyperthyroidism precipitated by stress; characterized by high fever, extreme tachycardia adn altered mental state. |
| thyrotoxicosis | condition produced by excessive endogenous or exogenous thyroid hormone. |
| thyroxine (T4) | thyroid hormone; active iodine compound formed and stored in the thyroid; deiodinated in peripheral tissues to form triiodothyronine; maintains body metabolism in a steady state. |
| triiodothyronine (T3) | thyroid hormone; formed and stored in the thyroid; released in smaller quantities, biologically more active and with faster onset of action than T4; widespread effect on cellular metabolism. |
| Trousseau's sign | carpopedal spasm induced when blood flow to the are is occluded using a blood pressure cuff or tourniquet, causing ischemia to the distal nerves; suggestive sign for latent tetany in hypocalcemia. |
| vasopressin | ADH secreted by the posterior pituitary; causes contraction of smooth muscle, particularly blood vessels. |
Created by:
jhrobins99
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