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Drug Effects
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Oral Medication | Absorbed from stomach or intestine Transported to the liver Released into general circulation |
| Intramuscular injection | Gradually absorbed into the blood Blood transports drug |
| Topical | Applied to the skin, eyes, or ears Local therapeutic effect |
| Transdermal | Different than topical route as has systemic therapeutic effect Applied to skin – delivered through a patch Drug slowly released |
| Oral | Most convenient and most common route SR: slow release, CR: control release, LA: long lasting, XL: extended length Tablets (enteric coated), capsules, liquids Absorbed in the stomach or small intestine |
| Sublingual | Placing medication under the tongue Provides faster therapeutic effect than oral route |
| Buccal | Placeing medication in the pocket between the cheeck and lower teeth Few drugs are administered by buccal route |
| Nasal | Spraying a drug into the nasal cavity Usually done topically Some nasal spray drugs work systemically |
| Inhalation | Inhalling a drug in a gas, liquid, or power form Absorbed through the alveoli |
| Nasogastric (NG) | Used for patients who cannot take oral medications Accomplished through a nasogastric tube Inserted through the nose Through the esophasgus Into the stomach Any liquid drug that can be given orally |
| Gastrostomy and jejunostomy | For patients who cannot take oral medications Surgically implanted feeding tubes Deliver liquid drugs to the stomach (gastrostomy) Deliver liquid drugs to the jejunum (jejunostomy) Any liquid drug that can be given orally |
| Vaginal | Used to treat vaginal infections Creams, ointments, and suppositories Contraceptive foams are inserted vaginally |
| Rectal | Not often used; reserved for certain situations When patient is vomitting or unconscious Medication cannot be given by injection Systemic absorption is slow and unpredictable Preferred to relieve constipation or treat hemorrhoids |
| Intraderma | syringe to inject a liquid drug into the dermis; used for allergy scratch test and Mantoux test |
| Subcutaneous | syringe to inject a liquid drug into the subcutaneous tissue; only a few blood vessels in this fatty layer, drugs absorbed more slowly than by intramuscular route. |
| Intramuscular- | injection of a liquid drug into a muscle (well supplied with blood vessels; absorbed more quickly than s/c and better able to absorb large amount of liquid drug; muscle large enough so as not to injure a nerve |
| Intravenous- | Intravenous- injection of liquid drug into a vein; fluid is hung from an IV pole, gravity moves the fluid through the tubing of alternatively, an IV pump can be used; therapeutic effect often seen immediately. |
| Bolus | Whole amount injected in a short period of time Often referred to as IV push |
| IV infusion | Injected into the fluid of a large IV bag Administered over several hours Known as an IV drip |
| IV piggyback | Injected into the fluid of a small IV back attached to existing IV line. |
| Central Venous Line | Used to continuously administer IV fluids or drugs special catheter tunneled through the subcutane3ous tissue of the upper chest Positioned in the superior vena cava |
| Endotracheal Tube | Used to administer drugs through tube inserted in the mouth into the trachea Useful if no established intravenous access Drug is absorbed through the lung tissue and into the blood |
| Implatable Port | Special intravenous access used to administer chemotherapy drug metal or plastic reservoir placed in subcutaneous pocket of tissue Administered by inserting a needle through the skin overlying the reservoir. |
| Intra-arterial | Used to administer chemotherapy directly into the area of a cancerous tumor Catheter inserted into the main artery that brings blood to organ where cancer is located |
| Intra-articular | Used to administer drugs to a joint Injected once every few weeks or months |
| Intracardiac | Only used during emergency resuscitation Needle inserted through the check wall, between the ribs, and into one of the heart chambers |
| Intrathecal | Used to administer drugs within the meninges around the spinal cord |
| Intravesical | Used for the administration of chemotherapy drugs into the bladder Catheter unserted into the urethra |
| Intraperitioneal | Used to administer drugs or fluids into the peritoneal cavity Catheter surgically implanted through the abdominal wall into peritoneal cavity Used to administer chemotherapy or dialysis fluid |
| Umbilical artery or vein | Accessible only in newborn infants before the umbilical cord has dried Used to administer fluids and draw blood Generally not used to give drugs. |
Created by:
Burhoe222
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