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study guide midterm
study guide for biology midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Basic unit of matter | Atom |
| A negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus | Electron |
| Proton | |
| a particle with no electronic charge | neutron |
| a very dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom | atomic nucleus |
| the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus. | atomic number |
| is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom | element |
| atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain | isotope |
| a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions | compound |
| formed when one or more electrons are transfered from one atom to another | ionic bond |
| positively and negatively charged atoms | ion |
| forms when electrons are shared between atoms | covalent bond |
| the electrons of an atom that can participate in the formation of chemical bonds with other atoms. | valence electron |
| smallest unit of most compounds | molecule |
| intermolecular forces of attraction | van der walls forces |
| a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole or multipole moment | polar molecule |
| the electromagnetic attractive atom and an electromagnetic atom, such nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine that comes from another molecule or chemical group | hydrogen bond |
| an attraction between molecules of the same substance | cohesion |
| an attraction between molecules of different substances | adhesion |
| a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined | mixture |
| evenly distributed throughout the solution | solution |
| a salt water solution table salt is the _______ the substance that is dissolved | solute |
| thethe substance in which the solute dissolves | solvent |
| mixtures of water and non dissolved material known as _____... | suspension |
| any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution | acid |
| to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in a solution | PH scale |
| a compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution OH- | base |
| weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in ph | buffer |
| a compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution OH- | base |
| general process in which ionic compounds (complexes, or salts) split into smaller particles, usually in a reversible manner | dissociation |
| a molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer. | monomer |
| a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. | hydroxide ion |
| a chemical compound or mixture of compounds consisting of repeating structural units created through a process of polymerization | polymer |
| a molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer | monomer |
| are the most basic units of biologically important carbohydrates | polymer |
| an organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 | carbohydrate |
| are the most basic units of biologically important carbohydrates. | monosaccharide |
| long carbohydrate molecules of repeated monomer units joined together by glycosidic bonds. | saturated fatty acid |
| constitute a broad group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins | lipid |
| a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain | unsaturated fatty acid |
| are fatty acids that contain more than one double bond in their backbone | polyunsaturated fatty acid |
| rna | |
| a nucleic acid containing the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms | nucleotide |
| are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. | dna |
| are short polymers of amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds, the covalent chemical bonds formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule. | rna |
| protein | |
| amino acid | |
| chemical reaction | |
| reactant | |
| product | |
| activation energy | |
| catalyst | |
| enzyme | |
| substrate | |
| active site | |
| denature | |
| enzyme specificity | |
| endothermic | |
| exothermic |
Created by:
makmil10
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