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biology midtermm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | 1.The basic unit of a chemical element |
| atom nucleus | The nucleus is the very dense region consisting of nucleons (protons and neutrons) at the center of an atom |
| electron | A stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms |
| proton | A stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge |
| neutron | A subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge |
| atomic number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table. |
| element | one of a class of substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances |
| isotope | any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus, or the same atomic number, but having different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus |
| compound | composed of two or more parts, elements |
| ionic bond | bond between two ions formed through the transfer of one or more electrons |
| ion | electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons |
| covalent bond | the bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms. |
| valence electron | an electron of an atom, located in the outermost shell (valence shell) of the atom, that can be transferred to or shared with another atom. |
| molecule | the smallest physical unit of an element or compound, consisting of one or more like atoms in an element and two or more different atoms in a compound |
| van der walls forces | short-range electrostatic attractive forces between uncharged molecules, |
| polar molecule | a molecule in which the centroid of the positive charges is different from the centroid of the negative charges |
| hydrogen bond | a type of chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom that has a covalent link with one of the electronegative atoms |
| cohesion | the molecular force between particles within a body or substance that acts to unite them. |
| adhesion | the molecular force of attraction in the area of contact between unlike bodies that acts to hold them together. |
| mixture | any combination or blend of different elements, kinds, qualities, etc. |
| solution | such a substance, as dissolved sugar or salt in solution |
| solute | the substance dissolved |
| solvent | a substance that dissolves another to form a solution |
| suspension | the state in which the particles of a substance are mixed with a fluid but are undissolved |
| ph scale | provides a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution |
| acid | are proton donors that yield hydronium ions in water solution, or electron-pair acceptors that combine with electron-pair donors or bases. |
| base | supports the substance |
| buffer | protect a solution |
| dissociation | the reversible resolution or decomposition of a complex substance into simpler constituents caused by variation in physical conditions |
| hydroxide ion | anion OH−. |
| hydrogen ion | hydrogen of the form H + , found in aqueous solutions of all acids. |
| monomer | low molecular weight to form a polymer |
| polymer | a compound of high molecular weight derived either by the addition of many smaller molecules |
| carbohydrate | large group of organic compounds, including sugars, such as sucrose |
| monosaccharide | carbohydrate that does not hydrolyze, as glucose, fructose |
| simple sugar | monosaccharide |
| polysaccharide | carbohydrate as a starch but has 3 or more monosaccharide in it per molecule |
| lipid | fats with carbohydrates and proteins |
| glycerol | sweet syrupy with fats and fixed oils |
| saturated fatty acid | fatty substance that contains no unsaturated fats |
| unsaturated fatty acid | a fatty substance with one or two or three bonds in it |
| polyunsaturated fatty acid | fatty acid that had more than triple valance electrons |
| nuleic acid | long group of DNA or RNA |
| nucleotide | group of molecules linked together that form DNA |
| RNA | molecules that bulit from DNA data |
| DNA | gentic code that comes from former people in your family |
| protein | chains of amino acid |
| polypeptide | chains of amino acid linked together like peptide |
| amino acid | buliding blocks made of proteins |
| chemical reaction | changes in struture in molecules and engery |
| reactant | any substance that undergoes a chemical change |
| product | substance that obtains from another substance |
| activation energy | least amount of energy to activate atoms or molecules |
| catalyst | substance that causes chemiacl reaction without itself being acted on |
| enzyme | protiens or pespins from living cells producing chemical changes in organic substances |
| substrate | acted on by enzyme |
| active site | part of enzyme that intracts with substrate |
| denature | to treat a protien or (any other substance) by chemical or physical change |
| enzyme specificity | properties of enzymes that makes them so important as diagnostic |
| endothermic | causing absoring in heat |
| exothermic | reaction that releases energy in a form of heat or other substances |
| cell membrance | outside of a cell that protects nueclus |
| cell wall | tough that is found in animals and plants |
Created by:
parmak28
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