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AP Biology

Chapter 9 - Mitosis and Meiosis, book questions and notes

QuestionAnswer
DNA is organized into informational units called genes.
DNA is packaged in a highly organized way in chromosomes.
Chromosome number and informational content differ among species.
Chromosomes duplicate during interphase.
The cell cycle is made up of: interphase and M phase
Interphase is made up of: G1 phase + S phase + G2 phase
M phase is made up of: mitosis and cytokinesis
During prophase, duplicated chromosomes become visible with the microscope.
Interphase and the stages of mitosis: 1. Interphase 2. Prophase 3. Prometaphase 4. Metaphase 5. Anaphase 6. Telophase
Duplicated chromosomes line up on the midplane during metaphase.
During anaphase, chromosomes move toward the poles.
During telophase, how many separate nuclei form? 2
What does cytokinesis form? 2 separate daughter cells
Mitosis produces two cells genetically identical to the parent cell.
An internal genetic program interacting with external signals regulates the cell cycle.
Meiosis produces haploid cells with unique gene combinations.
Prophase 1 includes synapsis and crossing-over.
During meiosis 1, what separates? Homologous chromosomes
What separates in meiosis II? Chromatids
Mitosis and meiosis lead to contrasting outcomes.
The timing of meiosis in the life cycle varies among species.
Which phase is this? Chromatin (DNA) condenses, centrioles move to opposite ends of cell, nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappears. Prophase
Which phase is this? The proteins attach to centromeres, microtubules attach at kinetochores, chromosomes begin moving. Prometaphase
Which phase is this? Spindle fibers align chromosomes along middle of cell which helps them separate properly. Metaphase
Which phase is this? Sister chromatids separate at kinetochores and move to opposite poles, poles move farther apart. Anaphase
Which phase is this? Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, spindle fibers disperse, cytokinesis begins Telophase
What are the 3 major checkpoints? 1. G1 - can DNA synthesis begin 2. G2 - has DNA synthesis been completed correctly 3. M phases - spindle checkpoint, can sister chromatids separate correctly
To stimulate growth, protein signals released by body cells stimulate other cells to divide.
Crowded cells stop dividing, mass of cells use up growth factors Density-dependent inhibition
In order to divide, cells must be attached to a substrate Anchorage dependence
Proteins that help in chromosome packaging. Histones
Created by: crescenti
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