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Oceanography
Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What processes can cause global or local changes in sea level? | water is added or removed from glacial periods. |
| How has sea level changed in the Earth’s geologically recent past? What is the primary cause of this change? | local changes where emergence or subsidence of coast |
| Examples of coastal landforms caused by wave erosion are: | sea cliffs; sea caves; wave-cut change |
| Examples of coastal landforms caused by stream or glacial erosion are: | drowned river valleys and fjords |
| Beach sediment made of rocky material is _________________ while sediment made of shells and other skeletal material is _____________ | lithogenic and biogenic |
| What is the relationship between wave energy and particle size? | particle size depends on wave energy |
| What is the relationship between particle size and slope of the beach? | bigger particles, steep slopes to beaches |
| What causes the longshore current? | waves approaching shore at an angle |
| Are beaches affected by erosion, deposition or both? | beaches are affected by both continuously |
| Examples of coastal depositional landforms are: | sand spits; bay mouth bars; barrier island; tombalo; deltas |
| In what type of climate are coral reefs found? | coral reefs need clear water and can be found tropical areas, they require sunlight |
| Atoms are made up of ___________, _____________ and __________ | protons, neutrons, electrons |
| Where in an atom are these 3 particles located? What is the charge on each? | protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus. |
| _________ bonds form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. ________ bonds are formed when electrons are shared by atoms. | Chemical and covalent |
| What is meant by the term “polar” in reference to molecules? Why are water molecules polar? How are positive and negative charges distributed on a water molecule? | polar is positively charged on one end and negative charge on the other. |
| What types of substance dissolve most easily in water? | Ironically bonded substances |
| What is weathering? | weathering is the physical breakdown and chemical alteration or rock at or near the earths surface |
| Weathering of the crust produces sediment and ___________________. | dissolved substances |
| How does water effect the rate of chemical weathering? | increases in chemical weathering |
| Three stable weathering products of the crust which form sediment are:___________________, _________________ and _____________________ | quatrz, clay minerals, Iron oxides |
| What are two sources of dissolved salts in seawater? | weathering of the continental crust and volcanic gas and atmospheric gases |
| What are the two most abundant dissolved substances in seawater? | sodium chloride |
| Plankton which use sunlight for photosynthesis are_________________. Two examples are _________________ and __________________ | phystoplankton, diatoms and caccolithophores |
| Plankton which must consume other organisms for food are _____________. Two examples are _________________ and __________________ | zooplankton, foraminifera and radiolarians |
| Which plankton build a shell of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)? | foraminifera- shells deposited to form calcareous oozes and sedimentary rock chalk |
| Which plankton build a shell of Silica (SiO2)? | diatoms and radiolarians |
| From largest to smallest, what are 4 general categories of sediment sizes? Which tends to be transported longer distances? | gravel; sand; silt; clay which travel long distances |
| Well sorted sediments have particles of (the same; many different) sizes. This indicates and environment in which the energy level (fluctuates; is constant). Poorly sorted sediments? | the same; is constant |
| Which type of sediment is the most abundant by volume? By surface area? | By volume a majority are terrigenous and by surface area are biogenies |
| What is the CCD? Approximately how deep is it? | ccd stands for calcium carbonate compensation depth is 4,500 meters below this calcareous shells dissolve. |
| Manganese nodules are a type of _________________ sediment. | hydrogenous ooze |
| In addition to petroleum and natural gas, what other geologic resources are mined from the oceans? How are these used? | salts sand gravel |
Created by:
brcherry07
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