Involves the movement of molecules across the cell membrane without an input of energy by the cell.

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It is driven by the molecules' kinetic energy until equilibrium is reached.

Concentration Gradient

The difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.

A state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space.

The diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (also of a solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent.

describes a solution where the solute concentration is LOWER than the solute concentration inside a cell.

describes a solution where the solute concentration is HIGHER than the solute concentration inside a cell.

describes a solution where the solute concentration is EQUAL than the solute concentration inside a cell.

An organelle that accumulates water and releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure.

The pressure exerted on the inside of cell walls that is caused by the movement of water into the cell.

The contraction/shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell in hypertonic solution in response to the loss of water by osmosis

Facilitated Diffusion

The Transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.

A protein that transports substances across a cell membrane.

Complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane that form a pore that ions can pass though.

The movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient. This requires cells to use energy.

Sodium-Potassium Pump

A carrier protein that uses ATP(energy) to actively transport sodium Ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell. Pumps out the sodium, pumps in the potassium.

The process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and closes the particle in a vesicle to bring such particle into the cell.

A small cavity/sac that contains materials within a eukaryotic cell. It forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell of transported within the cell.

A method of active transport across the cell membrane in which the cell takes in extracellular fluids.

The process in which a cell engulfs large particles or cells as a defense mechanism or as a way to obtain food.

A cell that ingests and digests foreign matter or microorganisms

The process in which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out.

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Chapter 5 Vocab

Answer	Question
Passive Transport	Involves the movement of molecules across the cell membrane without an input of energy by the cell.
Diffusion	The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It is driven by the molecules' kinetic energy until equilibrium is reached.
Concentration Gradient	The difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.
Equilibrium	A state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space.
Osmosis	The diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (also of a solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent.
HypoTonic	describes a solution where the solute concentration is LOWER than the solute concentration inside a cell.
Hypertonic	describes a solution where the solute concentration is HIGHER than the solute concentration inside a cell.
isotonic	describes a solution where the solute concentration is EQUAL than the solute concentration inside a cell.
Contractile Vacuole	An organelle that accumulates water and releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure.
Turgor Pressure	The pressure exerted on the inside of cell walls that is caused by the movement of water into the cell.
Plasmolysis	The contraction/shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell in hypertonic solution in response to the loss of water by osmosis
Cytolysis	The bursting of a cell.
Facilitated Diffusion	The Transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.
Carrier Protein	A protein that transports substances across a cell membrane.
Ion Channel	Complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane that form a pore that ions can pass though.
Active Transport	The movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient. This requires cells to use energy.
Sodium-Potassium Pump	A carrier protein that uses ATP(energy) to actively transport sodium Ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell. Pumps out the sodium, pumps in the potassium.
Endocytosis	The process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and closes the particle in a vesicle to bring such particle into the cell.
Vesicle	A small cavity/sac that contains materials within a eukaryotic cell. It forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell of transported within the cell.
Pinocytosis	A method of active transport across the cell membrane in which the cell takes in extracellular fluids.
Phagocytosis	The process in which a cell engulfs large particles or cells as a defense mechanism or as a way to obtain food.
Phagocyte	A cell that ingests and digests foreign matter or microorganisms
Exocytosis	The process in which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out.

Created by: MaySkyward

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