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MD 4 Fungi
Information from Module 4 on Fungi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| General Facts about Fungi | Heterotrophs (saprophytic or parasitic); Digest food outside their bodies; Reproduce with spores; largest part is for digestion |
| Extracellular Digestion | Digestion that takes place outside the cell |
| Mycelium | part of the fungus responsible for extracellular digestion and absorption |
| Hypha | Filament of fungal cells |
| Septate Hypha | Individual cells separated by cell walls |
| Nonseptate Hypha | No walls; nuclei are spread throughout |
| Rhizoid Hypha | Hypha imbedded in the material on which the fungus grows--support fungus and digest food |
| Aerial Hypha | Hypha not imbedded in the material on which a fungus grows--absorb oxygen, produce spores (sporophor), asexually make new filaments (stolon) |
| Sporophore | Specialized aerial hypha that produces spores |
| Stolon | Aerial hypha that asexually reproduces to make more filaments |
| Sporangiophor | Sporophore that uses an enclosure |
| Conidiophore | Sporophore that does not use an enclosure |
| Haustroium | Hypha of a parasitic fungus that enters the host's cells, absorbing nutrition directly throuh cytoplasm |
| Chitin | Chemcial that provides toughness and flexibility |
| Fruiting Bodies | Cap+stalk use asexual reproduction between compabtible hyphae to form new mycelium |
| Classification in Kingdom Fungi | Based on sexual reproduction |
| Phylum Basidiomycota form spores... | ...on clublike structures called basidia |
| Phylum Ascomycota form spores... | ...on saclike structures called asci |
| Phylum Zygomycota form spores... | ...on small structures where hyphae fuse called zygospores |
| Phylum Chytridiomycota form spores... | ...that have flagella. |
| Phylum Deuteromycota form spores... | ...in a yet unknown way. |
| Phylum Myxomycota form spores... | ...called sporophores. |
| Phylum Basidiomycota is called as... | ...Club Fungi |
| Subgrouphs in Phylum Basidiomycota | Mushrooms, Puffballs, Shelf fungi, Rusts, and Smuts |
| Eating Methods in Phylum Basidiomycota | Some are saprophytic, some are parasitic |
| What genus in Basidiomycota is very toxic? | Genus Amanita |
| What causes fairy rings? | The saprophytic nature of mushrooms |
| Reproduction of Mushrooms | In gills and cap |
| Reproduction of Puffball fungi | In spores on basidia inside a membrane |
| Reproduction of Shelf fungi | In spores formed in pores of shelves |
| Reproduction of Rusts | Requires main host+alternate host, Uredospore is red and formed at infection, Teliospore survives winter and grows on barberry bush, Aeciospore reinfects wheat |
| About Smuts | Paracitic fungi, developing crop resistance |
| Phylum Ascomycota is called... | ...Sac Fungi |
| Organization in Phylum Ascomycota | Single-celled or multicellular |
| Sexual Reproduction in Phylum Ascomycota | Forming spores (called ascspores) in protective membranes (asci) in variety of shapes. |
| Subgroups in Phylum Ascomycota | Yeasts (single-celled), Cup fungi, and Morel (edible, sought after) |
| Eating habits of yeasts | Saprophytic or parasitic |
| Reproduction of Yeasts | Sexually--ascospores. Asexually: budding |
| Construction of Yeasts | Egg-shaped, have just nucleus and food vacuole |
| Fermentation | The anaerobic breakdown of sugars into smaller molecules. (makes bread dough rise) |
| Distillation | process by which alcohol is concentrated by coiling a mixtue and collecting the alcohol vapor |
| Harmful organisms in Phylum Ascomycota | 'Claviceps purpurea' is called ergot of rye. 'Chryphonectria parasitica' causes Chestnut blight. 'Ophiostoma ulme' causes Dutch Elm disease |
| Phylum Zygomycota is called | Bread Mold |
| Zygospore | Zygote surrounded by a hard, protective coating |
| Zygote | Result of zexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for offspring |
| Reproduction in Zygomycota | Asexually when stolon forms new filaments. Asexually when aerial hyphae form sporangia that release spores. Sexually when hyphae fuze+form zygospores |
| Where are common bread molds classified? | Phylum Zygomycota, Genus Rhizopus |
| General facts about Phylum Chytridiomycota | Single-celled fungi called chytrids, muddy/aquatic habitat, saprophytic or parasitic, spores have flagella |
| What is the classification of potato wart? | Phylum Chytridiomycota, 'Synchytrium endobioticum' |
| Phylum Deuteromycota is called... | ...the imperfect fungi |
| About Phylum Deuteromycota | Holding area until more is learned about a fungus, no taxonomic status |
| Why are some fungi imperfect? | We don't fully understand them, and that biologists assum all fungi have sexual reproduction. |
| Uses of Genus Penicillium | (Phylum Deuteromycota) Penicillin and flavoring cheeses |
| Antibiotic | Chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the repoduction rate of other organisms |
| Phylum Myxomycota are called... | ...slime molds |
| Unique about Phylum Myxomycota | like fungi when reproducing; like colonial protists when feeding |
| Reasons Myxomycota is placed in Fungi | Reproduction more important than feeding; Definition of species involves reproduction; habitats same as other fungi |
| Reproduction in Myxomycota | In unfavorable conditions, form sporophores to release spores to fined better food source |
| Motile spores | can move on their own |
| Nonmotile spores | cannot move on their own |
| What is lichen? | Mutualistic symbiosis between fungus (usually phylum Ascomycota) and alga (usually phylum Chlorophyta) |
| Funtions of Alga+Fungus | Alga produces food through photosynthesis; fungus supports and protects alga |
| Soredium | Dustlike spores of both alga and fungus in a protective case |
| What is Mycorrhiza? | "Fungus Root" Mutualistic symbiosis between fungus and plant (roots); haustoria absorbs nutrients and gives roots minerals |
| Sum of Fungi | Saprophytic nature is critical to ntural balance; some are useful (food, flavoring, medicine); some are toxic |
Created by:
Safire25509
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