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BIOL 442: Fruits
Flora of Minnesota
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dehiscent fruit | Dry fruits that open at maturity to shed contained seeds |
| Indehiscent fruit | Dry fruits that do not open at maturity (many one seeded) |
| Fleshy fruit | Fruits with the fruit wall becoming soft and fleshy as it matures. |
| Legume | A dry, dehiscent fruit developed from 1 carpel at maturity splitting along the dorsal and ventral sutures. (beans, peas) |
| Follicle | A dry, dehiscent fruit developed from 1 carpel and at maturity splitting only along one suture. (larkspur, columbine) |
| Capsule | A dry, dehiscent fruit developing from several carpels. |
| Achene | A one-seeded, dry, indehiscent fruit; the one seed is attached to the fruit wall. (buttercups, dandelion, sunflower) |
| Nut | A dry, indehiscent, one seeded fruit similar to an achene, but the wall is greatly thickened and hardened. (beech, chestnut, oak, hazel) |
| Schizocarp | A fruit formed from several carpels, each one enclosing a single ovule. At maturity, the carpels separate to form individual, one seeded fruits (wings?) (mallow, wild carrot, dill) |
| Grain | A one-seeded, dry, indehiscent fruit in which the fruit wall and the seed coat are fused. (wheat, corn, grasses) |
| Drupe | A one seeded simple fruit developing from a superior ovary in which the endocarp (innermost) becomes hard and stony, the exocarp (outermost) becomes a relatively thin skin, and the mesocarp becomes either fleshy or fibrous. (cherry, coconut, walnut) |
| Berry | A simple fruit in which the ovary wall or at least its inner portions become enlarged and usually juicy; such fruits commonly have more than one seed. (banana, grape, gooseberry) |
| Pome | An accessory fleshy fruit formed by a group of carpels more or less firmly united with each other and surrounded by and united to the floral tube or receptacle. (apple, pear, mountain ash) (can also be called a berry) |
| Aggregate fruit | A fruit formed by the development of many pistils from the same flower. The individual units may be berries, drupes, achenes, etc. (raspberry, blackberry, strawberry) |
| Multiple fruit | A fruit formed by the development of pistils of more than one flower, often with accessory parts. (mulberry, fig, pineapple) |
| Accessory fruit | Fruit derived from more than just the mature ovary of a plant. |
Created by:
Flora Girl
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