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AP Bio 4

QuestionAnswer
alcohol an organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group is bound to a carbon atom
aldehyde an organic compound containing a formyl group that consists of a carbonyl center bounded to a hydrogen and a R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain
amine organic compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair; derivatives of ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a substituent group
amino acid or ATP; adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells
carbonyl group a chemical group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom
carboxyl group a chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bounded to a hydroxyl group
carboxylic acid organic acids characterized by the presence of at least one carboxyl group
enantiomer one of two compounds that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon
functional group- a specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions
geometric isomer form of stereoisomerism describing the orientation of functional groups within a molecule
hydrocarbon an organ molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen
hydroxyl group a chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. molecules possess ing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols
isomer one of several compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and there different properties. The three types of isomers are structural isomers, cis-trans isomer, and enantiomers
ketone an organic compound with the structure RC(=O)R’ where R and R’ can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents; features a carbonyl group bounded to two other C
organic chemistry the study of carbon compounds (organic compounds)
phosphate group- a chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bounded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer
structural isomer- one of several compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms
sulfhydryl group a chemical group consisting of a sulfur atom bounded to a hydrogen atom
thiol an organosulfur compound that contains a carbon-bonded sulfhydryl group where R represents an alkane, alkene, or other carbon-containing group of atoms
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