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Biology II (23-24)
BIology II Exam II Note Cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Artificial Selection? | selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage desirable traits |
| What is descendents with modifications? | how parents from previous generations produce offspring with inheritable traits that helped them lived in their current environment |
| What is natural selection? | individuals with desirable traits tend to produce more offspring than those without those inherited traits |
| What are Darwism's two theories about population? | 1.) There will always be more population than the environment can support 2.) There are genetic variations among individuals in a population |
| What evidence is there for evolution? | 1.) Evolution of drug resistant bacteria 2.) Bioeography 3.) Natural selection in response to new plant species 4.) Embryionic development 5.) Homology |
| What is Homology | similar in structure resulting in common ansestry |
| What is Genetic variation? | Genetic differences amoung individuals in a population. Genetic variation within a population is a result of average hetereozygosity. Genetic variation between populations occurs in Geographic variation. |
| What are the various ways for mutation to occur? | 1.) formation of new alleles 2.) Altering gene number or position 3.)point mutation iwthin gene or within control region of transcription 4.) deletion of chromozomes 5.) duplication or rapid reproduction 6.)rearrangement of chromozomes 7.) sexual re |
| Define genetic drift | chance of events cause an unpredicted fluctuation of allele frequencies from one generation to the next. Genetic variation can be lost, thus harmful alleles can become fixed. |
| What is the founder effect? | WHen few individuals in a population get separated from the bigger population form a new population whos gene pool is not the same as the previous population |
| What is the bottleneck effect? | When a population dramatically decrease in size due to natural disaster or human actions. This is what happened to the tasmanian devil! |
| What is gene flow? | transfer of alleles from one population to another. Results of fertile individuals of their gametes |
| What is differential reproduction? | organisms best adapted to a given environment will be most likely to survive and produce offspring |
| WHat is disruptive selection | favors extremes at both ends |
| What is Directional selection? | Favors an extreme of the phenotypic range |
| What is stabilizing selection? | acts against extremes |
| What is sexual selection? | individuals with certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce offspring than those without those desirable traits |
| Intrasexual selection | competition amount members of 1 sex for access to members of the other sex |
| Speciation? | indsividuals who have the potential to mate and prduce viable fertile offspring |
| pre-zygotic barriers | prevents fertilization from occuring |
| post-zygotic isolation | hybrid zygote is not viable or not fertile or sperm and egg come together but baby doesn't live |
| habitat isolation | 2 species that occupy different habitats can not produce because of their environmental differences |
| Temporal isolation | mating seasons prevent them from mating with one another |
| behavioral isolation | courtship rituals prevent from species mating with each other |
| mechanical isolation | morphological differences prevent mating |
| gametic isolation | sperms of different species will not fertilize an egg |
| Reduced hybrid viability | too fertile to live |
| Reduced hybrid fertility | sterile hybrid |
| What is allopatric speciation? | new species arrise due to geographical seperation |
| What is Sympatric speciation? | speciation occurs without geographic isolation |
| Describe Adaptive radiation | when small populations move to a new region, adapt to it, and form a new population |
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dzelaya
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