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Biology
Chapter 7-Cellular Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Robert Hook | saw tiny chambers in one piece of cork under a light microscope-he called them "cells" |
| Anton Van Leeuwenhoek | observed pond water,red blood cells and saw tiny organisms like bacteria for the first time. He designed about 400 different microscopes. |
| Matthias Schleiden | observed plants under the microscope and concluded all plants were made of cells. |
| Theodore Schwann | did the same as Matthias but with animals |
| Rudolph Virchow | all cells are produced from the division of existing cells |
| Scanning Electron microscope (SEM) | scans the surface giving 3-D shape (20,000X)-magnification |
| Transmission electron microscope (TEM) | electrons pass through-denser areas appear darker (magnification hundreds of thousands of times) |
| Scanning Tunneling microscope(STM) | electrons create 3-D computer images of atoms on the surface of a molecule (100 million times magnification) |
| Prokaryotic Cells | cells that don't have a nucleus or membrane, small |
| Eukaryotic cells | cells that have a nucleus. have a membrane bound organelles, 10 times larger than prokaryotic cells |
| Nucleus | contains DNA with coded instructions giving cells unique characteristics (plant,animal) |
| Nuclear Membrane/envelope | surrounds nucleus-has pores to allow materials in and out (animal) |
| Necleolus | Inside the Nucleus,makes Ribosomes (animal) |
| Ribosomes | site of protein synthesis (follows instructions from nucleus) (animal,plant,bacteria) |
| Rough ER (endoplasmic Reticulum) | transort and modification of proteins (Animal) |
| Smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum) | lipid synthesis, used in detoxification in liver, and release calcium for muscle contraction (animal) |
| Lysosomes | filled with enzymes for intracellular digestion only in ANIMALS. (bacteria,worn-out organelles,food,even cell they are in) |
| Mitochondria | provides the energy a cell needs to move,divide,ect. (powerhouse of cell) (1,000 per cell) |
| cytoskeleton | maintains cell shape-also moves organelles around internally, only in ANIMALS |
| cell (plasma) membrane | protective,flexible barrier between the cell and its environment-regulates what goes in and out (plant,animal,bacteria) |
| cytosol/cytoplasm | the fluid inside cell Cytoplasm=(ctosol+organelles inside) (Animal) |
| Golgi Apparatus | packaging macromolecules for transport elsewhere in the cell-transport in and out too (plant,animals) |
| Chloroplasts | contain chlorophyll and use the energy from the sun to make food (photosynthesis) (plants) |
| cell wall | provides and maintains shape of plant cells-STRONG (contains cellulose) (plant,bacteria) |
| vacuoles | stores materials like water,food,other nutrients and waste products (larger in plants)(plant,animals) |
| cell specialization | when cells develop in different ways to perform different functions |
| cell | basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing |
| grana | stacks of thylakoids |
| thylakoid | flattened sacs or vesicles containing photosynthetic chemicals |
| matrix | inner most area of mitochondria |
| cristae | inner membrane is folded to create this |
Created by:
sabrina.kizy
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