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Enzymes

Enzymes and Actions

QuestionAnswer
Define Metabolism: The combination of Anabolic and Catabolic reactions that take place in body Cells.
What is an Enzyme? A Globular protein and biological catalyst that reduces the Activation energy of a reaction. The Enzyme is not used up in the process.
Catabolic: 'Breaking down' reactions.
Anabolic: 'Building up' reactions.
Specificity: A property of enzymes which makes them only able to catalyse one particular biological reaction. Gained from the very specific shape of the enzyme.
Name three things that can affect the efficiency of enzyme action: Temperature (denature at high temps, lack of energy at low temps). pH (causes the Ionic bonds in the tertiary structure to change). Concentration of Substrate (up to the point of saturation)
Why does high temperature denature Enzymes: The hydrogen bonds between the Amino group and Carboxyl group break at high temps, causing the shape to denature.
Intracellular Enzyme: An enzyme that works within a cell.
Extracellular Enzyme: An enzyme that works outside of the cell.
Activation Energy: The energy required for a reaction (breaking or making of bonds) to take place.
How do Enzymes speed up reactions? They reduce the activation energy required.
Induced-fit Hypothesis: The enzyme has a specific shape but the active site is slightly flexible, it then binds to a substrate, alters shape slightly and forms an active complex.
Saturation (enzymes): Is the point when all the active sites on the enzymes are active and in use, increasing the concentration of substrate will no longer increase the rate of reaction.
Describe an experiment that can be used to investigate the effect of substrate concentration: Piece of liver in Hydrogen peroxide. Catalyse breaks down H2O2 to H2O and O2 very quickly.
Created by: mjwilson1988
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