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Biology 1 Cells

QuestionAnswer
Prokaryotes are the most ___________ ancient living organism
Who came up with the term cell? Robert Hooke
Who saw small 'animalcules' in pond water and is the father of microscopes? Leeuwenhoek
Cell Theory Schleiden, Schwann & Virchow 1. Living things are mad of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. Cells can only be derived from cells.
What can organisms be? uni- or multi- cellular
Cells can be______ or _______ Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
What organelles do prokaryotic cells have? Ribosomes
What did Eukaryotes evolve from? Prokaryotes
Organelle membrane bound structure, carries out specific functions
Which is more efficient, small cells or big cells? small cells
Cells _______ when a certain point is reached. Divide
Why do cells divide? Volume grows faster than surface area.
Where is chromatin found? Around the nucleolus.
Cytosol Cytoplasm without the organelles.
What does the nucleolus make? RNA
Nucleus brain of the cell
ribosomes manufacture proteins
endoplasmic reticulum transportation highway ribosomes assemble on e.r. while synthesizing.
golgi bodies protein packaging and processing post office of cell, mark and stamp proteins
vesicles transport proteins to destinations
lysosomes break down and digest stuff in the cell, help cells die
peroxisomes detoxifies poisons in the cell
mitochondrion produces energy
cytoskeleton skeleton of the cell, microtubules provide support
cell or plasma membrane gatekeeper of the cell, regulates what goes in and out.
cell wall outermost boundary of plant and bacterial cells
cytoplasm jelly like material where organelles float
chloroplast makes sugar during photosynthesis with help of pigment chlorophyll
vacuole stores water, food, waste, found in plant cells
plastid stores pigment only found in plant cells
centriole involved in cell division in animal cells
Animal cells do not have __________ cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast, and plastid
Plant cells do not have______________ centioles
flagella long hair like structure used for movement, seen in bacteria and sperm
cilia small hairlike structure for movement, seen in protozoa and nasal cells
pili/fimbrea small hair like; for attachment bacteria, can only be seen with an electron microscope.
DNA contains genetic code; genes
genes units that give us traits
RNA working copy of DNA
Channel proteins are shaped like donuts
receptor proteins are shaped like boulders
Marker proteins are shaped like curly fries
A phospholipid molecule has a __________ and a ____________ polar phosphate head and a non polar lipid tail
Cell membrane is made up of ____________ and _________ a phospholipid bilayer and three proteins
Lipid bilayer is flexible to __________ accommodate change in cell shape
Channel proteins act as gates that open and close to allow polar molecules to pass
receptor proteins receive and transfer information to cell
marker proteins mark and help identify cell
passive transport does not require energy because it moves with the concentration gradient (high to low)
active tansport requires energy because it moves against the concentration gradient (low to high)
diffusion molecules move from more to less concentrated area until equilibrium is reached
osmosis diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
osmotic pressure pressure due to water
facilitated diffusion diffusion with the help of carrier proteins (selective transport)
Two types of pumps Sodium-potassium pump (pumps Na+ and K+ ions) proton pump (pumps H+ ions)
Exocytosis large molecules exported out
endocytosis large molecules transported in.
3 Types of endocytosis pinocytosis phagocytosis receptor mediated endocytosis(receptor proteins required)
pinocytosis (cell drinking) molecules taken into cell with a large amount of liquid
phagocytosis solid molecules taken in by cell
water always travels from ____ to ________ solute concentration low to high
hypertonic cell shrinks
hypotonic cell expands/explodes
isotonic cell stays the same
cell shrinks or swells because of______ osmotic pressure
Created by: dramallama
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