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Evolutionary Biology
Basics of Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Darwin's Theory of Evolution | Unifying theory of Biology, first published in 1859 in "Origin of Species". Argues the descent of all organisms from a common ancestor with modification of the genes to better adapt to a particular environment |
| Domains | Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea |
| Taxonomy | Branch of Biology that names and classifies species based on degree to which they share characteristics. Developed by Linnaeus. |
| Taxonomic Classifications | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| Microevolution | Fine-tuning species to better adapt to the environment |
| Macroevolution | Diversity of life by speciation |
| Adaptive Radiation | Variation created with a community due to adaptations to microenvironments ex Darwin's Finches |
| Domain Eukarya | Includes Kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi |
| Levels of Biological Organization | Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules |
| Catastrophism | Idea developed by Curvier (father of Paleontology) that attempted to explain the change in species within fossil record. Believed sudden, regional distasters wiped out populations, operating under different forces that today. |
| Uniformitarianism | Idea developed by Lyell which argued (in contrast to Curvier) that systems operated under the same forces today as they did historically. |
| Mnemonic for Biological Organization | Be Everywhere 'cuz People Over Other Streets Talk Couples Out of Marriage |
| Lamarck | Developed first theory of evolution. Argued need drove evolution, wrong because outward changes (such as being muscular) are not heritable |
| Phenotypic Plasticity | Change is appearance or behavior in response to the environment that is not heritable |
| Discrete Characteristics | Discontinuous ex flower that can be white or blue |
| Quanitative Characteristics | Vary along a continuum ex height in humans |
| Mutation | Random alteration in the nucelotide sequence, occur at a rate of about 1 in 100,000 |
| Recombination | Reshuffling of alleles through sexual reproduction to create novel genotypes |
| Chromosomal Rearrangement | Alters many loci |
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