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Biology Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Robert Hooke do? | observed a slice of cork/ named the tiny empty chamber "cells" |
| What are the 3 steps of the cell theory? | 1.All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3. New cells are produced from existing cells |
| What does TEM & SEM stand for? | Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope |
| What are some differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? | Eukaryotes have a nuclei, but prokarytoes do not. Prokaryotes tend to be smaller and simpler. |
| What are some some of the same things about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? | They both have a cytoplasm and a cell wall. They also both contain the genetic info, or the DNA. |
| What is an example of a prokaryotic/eukaryotic cell? | p=bacteria e=plants/animals |
| What are organelles? | structures that act as if they are specialized organs |
| What is a cytoplasm? | fluid filled area outside of the nucleus; in every kind of cell |
| Nucleus= | control center of the cell; has the DNA and the instructions for making important molecules |
| Chromatin= | granular material spread throughout the nucleus. |
| Where in the cell are ribosomes made? | Nucleolus |
| Ribosomes- | small particles of RNA and proteins found throughout the the cytoplasm |
| What is the difference between smooth and rough ER? | Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and is responsible for protien synthesis, but smooth ER has no ribosomes and is responsible for lipid synthesis |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum- | where lipid components are assembled |
| What part of the cell modifies, sorts, and packages proteins? | Golgi Apparatus |
| Digests or breaks down lipids, carbs, proteins, and old cell parts- | lysosomes |
| Vacuoles- | saclike structures that stores water, salts, proteins, and carbs |
| What are some differences between plant and animal cells? | Plant cells has chloroplasts and has one large vacuole; Animal cells have many small vacuoles |
| What part of a cell converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds? | mitochondria |
| Chloroplasts- | only in plant cells; capture the energy of sunlight and uses photosynthesis |
| What is the supporting structure of a cell? | cytoskeleton |
| What kind of protein makes up microtubules? | tubulin |
| What are centrioles? | located near the nucleus and helps organize cell division |
| What is the difference between cilia and flagella? | cilia is small,hairlike; flagella is long and tailike (both help cells move) |
| What are the functions of a cell membrane? | it monitors what enters and exits the cell and provides protection |
| What makes up cell membrane? | lipid bilayers |
| What is the main function of a cell wall? | to provide support and protection for the cell |
| What makes up plant cell walls? | cellulose |
| Diffusion- | when molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Equilibrium- | when the concentration of a solution is the same throughout |
| Osmosis- | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic solutins= | solutions are the same strength |
| When is a solution hypertonic? | when the solutions are above strength |
| Faciliated Diffusion- | protein channels that act as carriers that make it easy for certain molecules to cross |
| What is the energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane agaiunst a combination difference? | active transport |
| Endocytosis- | the process of taking material into the cell by infolding cell membrane |
| What are the extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within the cytoplasm? | PhagocytosisWhat are the 4 levels of or |
| What is another name for a single celled organism? | unicellular organisms |
| What are the 4 levels of organization in a multicellular organism? | individual cells; tissues; organs; organ systems |
| What are the 4 main types of tissues in most animals? | muscle;nervous;epithelial;connective |
| What is a tissue? | a tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| What are groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function? | organ |
| WHat kind of tissues can be found in the nervous system of your body? | nervous tissues |
| WHat is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function? | organ system |
| What is the structure that makes up every living thing? | cells |
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