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vocab quiz 2
BIOLOGY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell cycle | cell diseries of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
| cell division | process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells |
| centromere | area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached |
| centriole | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| chromatid | one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome |
| cyclin | one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells |
| cancer | disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth |
| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm during cell division |
| anaphase | the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles |
| chromatid | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| oogenesis | the production of an ovum or egg cell, the female gamete or sex cell. |
| interphase | longest phase of the cell cycle. prepares a cell for the next stage. |
| prophase | first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus |
| telophase | fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material |
| spindle fibers | fibers in a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis |
| mitosis | part of the eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides |
| DNA | A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule |
| chromosome | threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| helicase | a class of enzymes vital to all living organisms. They are motor proteins that move directionally along a nucleic acid |
| sister chromatid | 2 identical copies of a chromatin connected by a centromere |
| spermatogenesis | the production or development of mature spermatozoa |
| meiosis | process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| sexual reproduction | process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism |
| asexual reproduction | process by which a single parent reproduces by itself |
| anaphase 1 | the stage in the first meiotic division of meiosis that follows metaphase i. |
| anaphase 2 | The stage in the second meiotic division of meiosis that follows metaphase ii. |
| G1 stage | The G1 phase is a period in the cell cycle during interphase, before the S phase. |
| s stage | The phase of the mitotic cycle during which DNA synthesis occurs |
| G2 | or pre-mitotic phase, is the third and final subphase of Interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding Mitosis. It follows the successful completion of S phase, during which the cell’s DNA is replicated |
| metaphase 1 | homologous pairs line up. 2nd stage of meiosis 1 |
| metaphase 2 | duplicated chromosomes line up in the center of the cell |
| prophase 1 | chromosomes condense and form homologous pairs. (tetrads) crossing over occurs between the homologous pairs |
| prophase 2 | brief centrioles copy |
| telophase 1 | The stage in the first meiotic division of meiosis that follows anaphase I. The two sets of chromosomes have finished moving to opposite ends of the cell. |
| telophase 2 | nuclear membranes reform The last stage in the second meiotic division of meiosis which follows anaphase II. The two sets of chromosomes have finished moving to opposite ends of each of the two cells produced during the first meiotic division. |
| homologous chromosomes | a chromosome with the same gene sequence as another |
| crossing over | The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring |
| tetrad | homologous pairs formed in prophase I |
| diploid | term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
| haploid | term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes |
| polar bodies | The cell that results from the asymmetric division of an oocyte. |
Created by:
jessdabest
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