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Step1 10.3.12
Microbiology IV
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| G- diplococci, ferments maltose. pathogen? | Neisseria meningitidis |
| G- diplococci, does not ferment maltose. pathogen? | Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| G- coccoid rods requiring factors V, X. pathogen? | Haemophilus influenze |
| G- coccoid rods from animal bites, pathogen? | Pateurella |
| G- coccoid rods causing kennel cough? | Bordeltella Pertussis |
| G-, oxidase +, comma shaped, grows at 42 C. pathogen? | campylobacter jejuni |
| G-, oxidase +, comma shaped, grows in alkaline media. pathogen? | vibrio cholerae |
| G- rods, fast lactose fermenter. What 3 pathogens? | Klebsiella, E.coli, enterobacter |
| G- rods, slow lactose fermenter. What 2 pathogens? | Citrobacter, Serratia |
| g- rods, non lactose fermenter, oxidase -, 3 pathogens? | Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus |
| G- rods, lactose non fermenter, oxidase +. pathogen? | Pseudomonas |
| Pink colonies on McConkey's agar is a sign of? What 5 pathogens? | lactose fermentation(enteric bacteria). macConKEE'S agar: Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E. coli, enterobacter, Serratia |
| What lactose fermenting bacteria produces Beta- galactosidase and what does it do? | E. coli. breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose |
| What type of resistance do G- organisms have to penicillin? | resist penicillin G, but can be vulnerable to some derivatives like ampicillin. G- outer layer prevents entry of penG and vacnomycin |
| Which ferments maltose and glucose and which only glucose, Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorhoeae? | Meningococcus= Maltose and glucose. Gonococci=just glucose. Both have an IgA protease |
| What is the difference between capsules of meningococus and gonococcus? | Gonococus has no polysaccardie capusle, meningococcus does |
| Which has a vaccine meningococcus or gonococcus? | `menigococcus has a vaccine (not type B) |
| What diesease does neisseria meningitidis caused? | Meningococcus causes meningococcemia, and meningitis. can get Waterhouse-Friedrichesen syndrome |
| What diseases does Neisseria gonorhoeae cause? | gonnorhea, septic artritis, neonatal conjunctivitis, PID, Fitz-Hugh-curtis Syndrome |
| How do you treat gonococcus? | ceftriaxone |
| How do you prophylax for meningococcus? | rifamin to close contacts |
| How do you treat Nesseria meningitidis? | ceftriaxone or peniccillin G |
| What dieseas does Haemophilus Infleunza cause? | epiglottitis in children "cherry red", meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia |
| What type of H. influenzae causes invasive disease and how? | capsular type b most invasive disease. have an IgA protease |
| What 2 ways can H. influenzae be grown? | chocolate agar: it needs factor V(NAD+) and X(hematin). can also be grown with S. aureus which provides factor V. |
| How do you treat H. influenzae meningitis and what is given for prophylaxis? | treat: ceftriaxone Propylaxis: rifampin |
| What is the composition of the H. influenzae vaccine and when is it given? | type B capsular poly saccardie conjugated to diptheria toxin. given b/w 2-18 motnhs |
| What is Legionnaire disease and Pathogen? | severe pneumonia+fever.caused by Legionella pneumophila |
| What is Pontiac fever, pathogen? | mild flulike caused by legionella pneumophila |
| How is Legionella grown and how is it stained and detectedclinically? | stained with silver. grows on charcoal yeast extract culture with iron and cysteine. Detect with urine ag. (legionairre:silver helmet, around charcoal campfire, iron dagger-is no sissy-cysteine) |
| How do you get Legionnaires disease or pontiac fever? | both from legionella from water source. no person to person transmiossion |
| How do you treat legionarries disease or pontiac fever? | Legionella pneumophila. treat with eryhtromycin |
| Who gets pseudomonas? | wound and burn infections |
| What Sx does Pseudomonas cause? | PSEUDO: Pneumonia (esp CF), sepsis (black lesions). external otitis, UTI, drug use and Diabetic osteomyelitis. also hot tub folliculitis |
| What is a major danger of pseudomonas infection in DM? | malignant otitis externa |
| Aerobic g- rod, non lactose, Oxidase+, pyocyanin (blue green pigment), grapelike smell. Pathogen and source? | pseudomonas aeurginosa. from water source |
| What are the toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | endotoxin (fever shock), and exotoxin A(inactivates EF-2) |
| How do you treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | aminoglycosolide + extended spectrum penicillin |
| What are the major virulence factors common to all E.coli and what do they cause? | fimbriae( cystitis and pyelonephritis), K capsule (pneumonia and neonatal meningitits, LPS endotoxin (septic shock |
| What is the toxin, mechanism and disease of EIEC? | invades internal mucosa causing necrosis and inflammation. no toxin. Invasive dysentery with picture like shigella |
| What is the toxin, mechanism and disease of ETEC? | has a labile/stable toxin. no inflammation or invasion. cuases Travelers diarrhea |
| What is the toxin, mechanism, and disease of EPEC? | no toxin, adheres to apical surface flatten villi preventing absorbiton. diarhhea in Pediatrics |
| What is the mechanism and toxin of EHEC? | Shiga like toxin and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure). cuases sweeling of endothelium causing hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow. endothelium damage consume platlets |
| What is the triad of hemolytic uremic syndrome and what pathogen? | anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure. seen in EHEC |
| how do you distinguish EHEC from other E. coli and what disease does it cause? | causes dysentary. distinguish it because it won't ferment sorbitol |
| How do you remember the diseases of EIEC, ETEC, EPEC, EHEC? | second letter: I=invasive dysentary T= travelers diarrhea P: pediatric diarrhea H: hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| What is the normal role of klebsiella and whom does it cause problems? | intestinal flora which can cause lobar pneumonia in alcoholic, diabetics when aspirated |
| What sputum is seen in Klebsiella and what setting besides pneumonia can klebsiella cause? | currant jelly sputum. can cause nosocomial UTIs |
| What are the 4 A's of Klebsiella? | Aspiration pneumonia, Absess in lung or liver, Alcoholics, diAbetics |
| How do you differentiate between Shigella and Salmonella? | both cause bloody diarrhea. Salmonella have flagell and can disseminate hematogenously, have animal reservoir and make H2S. Shigella: more virulent move via actin rockets no flagella |
| What is the effect of abtx on shigella vs salmonella? | abtx can prolong sx of salmonella but shorten sx of shigella |
| Which is more virulent, shigella or salmonella? | shigella |
| What diseases do Campylobacter jejuni cause and how is it transmitted? | bloody diarrhea, esp in children. fecal oral transmission thru food, meat, unpasteurized milk. |
| What can be a long term consequence of infection with G- comma shaped, oxidase postiive, grow at 42 C bacteria? | Campylobacter jejuni. can commonly precede Guillain-Barre syndrome |
| What diseases does Vibrio cholerae cause and how? | toxin permanantly activates Gs, increases cAMP. profuse rice water diarrhea. need rehydration |
| What dieseases goes Yersinia enterocolitica cause and how do you get it and what serious problem can it mimic? | trnsmitted by pet feces, milk or pork. Outbreaks of diarrhea among faycares. Get MESENTERIC ADENITIS which can mimic Crohns or apendicitis |
| What bacterium causes 90% of gastric ulcers? | .Helicobacter pylori |
| What else is H. pylori a risk factor for besides peptic ulcers? | gastic adenocarcinoma, lymphoma |
| G- rod, urease +, creates alkaline environment. Pathogen? | H. pylori |
| What is the therapy for H. pylori infection? | detected with urease breath test. Triple therapy: proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, amoxicillin or metronidazole |
| What are 3 spirochete families? | Borellia, Leptospira, Treptonema. borelia is biggest! |
| How do you visulaize Borellia? | aniline dyes(Wright's or Giemsa stain) |
| How do you visualize treptonema? | dark field microscopy |
| Question mark shaped bacteria found in water contaminated by animal urine, pathogen? | Leptospira interrogans |
| What diseases does Leptospira interrogans cause? | Leptospirosis- flu like sx, jaundice, photophobia, conjunctivitis: surfers in tropics. Weil's disease: ictohemorragic leptospirosis |
| What is Weil's disease and etiologic agent? | Leptospira interrogans. icterohemmoragic leptospirrosis. sever jaundice, azotemia, from liver and kidney dysfunction, fever hemorrgae anemia |
| What causes Lyme disease? | Borelia burgdorferi, transmitted by Ixodes tick(also vector for Babesia) |
| What are the Sx of Lyme disease and where is it most commonly seen? | erythema chronicum migrans: bulls eye red rash with central clearing. also affects CNS, heart |
| How do you differentiate between Shigella and Salmonella? | both cause bloody diarrhea. Salmonella have flagell and can disseminate hematogenously, have animal reservoir and make H2S. Shigella: more virulent move via actin rockets no flagella |
| What is the effect of abtx on shigella vs salmonella? | abtx can prolong sx of salmonella but shorten sx of shigella |
| Which is more virulent, shigella or salmonella? | shigella |
| What diseases do Campylobacter jejuni cause and how is it transmitted? | bloody diarrhea, esp in children. fecal oral transmission thru food, meat, unpasteurized milk. |
| What can be a long term consequence of infection with G- comma shaped, oxidase postiive, grow at 42 C bacteria? | Campylobacter jejuni. can commonly precede Guillain-Barre syndrome |
| What diseases does Vibrio cholerae cause and how? | toxin permanantly activates Gs, increases cAMP. profuse rice water diarrhea. need rehydration |
| What dieseases goes Yersinia enterocolitica cause and how do you get it and what serious problem can it mimic? | trnsmitted by pet feces, milk or pork. Outbreaks of diarrhea among faycares. Get MESENTERIC ADENITIS which can mimic Crohns or apendicitis |
| What bacterium causes 90% of gastric ulcers? | .Helicobacter pylori |
| What else is H. pylori a risk factor for besides peptic ulcers? | gastic adenocarcinoma, lymphoma |
| G- rod, urease +, creates alkaline environment. Pathogen? | H. pylori |
| What is the therapy for H. pylori infection? | detected with urease breath test. Triple therapy: proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, amoxicillin or metronidazole |
| What are 3 spirochete families? | Borellia, Leptospira, Treptonema. borelia is biggest! |
| How do you visulaize Borellia? | aniline dyes(Wright's or Giemsa stain) |
| How do you visualize treptonema? | dark field microscopy |
| Question mark shaped bacteria found in water contaminated by animal urine, pathogen? | Leptospira interrogans |
| What diseases does Leptospira interrogans cause? | Leptospirosis- flu like sx, jaundice, photophobia, conjunctivitis: surfers in tropics. Weil's disease: ictohemorragic leptospirosis |
| What is Weil's disease and etiologic agent? | Leptospira interrogans. icterohemmoragic leptospirrosis. sever jaundice, azotemia, from liver and kidney dysfunction, fever hemorrgae anemia |
| What causes Lyme disease? | Borelia burgdorferi, transmitted by Ixodes tick(also vector for Babesia) |
| What are the Sx of Lyme disease and where is it most commonly seen? | erythema chronicum migrans: bulls eye red rash with central clearing. also affects CNS, heart, joints. Seen in NE US |
| What are the 3 stages of Lyme disease? | Stage 1: erythema chronicum migrans, flu like Stage 2: Bell's plasy, cardiac problems (AV nodal block) Stage 3: chronic monoarthritis, migratory polyarthritis |
| What is a mnemonic for the Sx of Lyme's disease? | BAKE a Key LYME pie: Bell'a palsy, arthritis, Kardiac blocke, Erythema migrans |
| How do you treat Lyme disease? | doxycylcine and ceftriaxone |
| What is the presentation of primary syphilis? | painless chancre |
| What is the presentation of secondary synphilis? | macularpapular rash (palms and soles). condylomata lata. See treptonemes in chancres and condylomata lata |
| What is the presentation of tertiary syphilis? | Gummas (chronic granulomas), aortititis(vasa vasorum destruction), tabes dorsailis (neurosyphilis). Argyll-robinson pupil |
| What are the major Signs of tertiary syphilis? | broad based ataxia, positive Romberg, Charcot joint, stroke with no HTN |
| How do you screen for and confirm syphilis infection? | Screen: VDRL Confirm: FTA-ABS |
| What are the sx of congenital syphilis? | saber shins, saddle nose, CN VIII deafness, Hutchinson's teeth, mulberry molars |
| What is an Argyll-robertson pupil? With what disease is it associated | constricts with accomidation but not reactive to light. tertiary syphilis. "Prostitute's pupil" |
| What 4 cases can cause a false positive VDRL? | (VDRL)Viruses, drugs, rheumatic fever, lupus, leprosy |
| What does VDRL detect? | detects antibody which reacts with cardiolipin |
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tjs2123
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