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18.4 Vocabulary

Terms for chapter eighteen section four: Modern Biology

QuestionAnswer
Biogeocemical Cycle The circuit or pathway in which substances move through both biotic and abiotic compartments of an ecosystem.
Groundwater Water in the soil or in underground formations of porous rocks.
Water Cycle The movement of water between various reservoirs.
Transpiration The process in which plants take in water through their roots, and they release water and take in carbon dioxide through their leaves.
Carbon Cycle The biogeochemical cycle where carbon flows/exchanges between organisms and their environment.
Nitrogen Cycle The complex pathway that nitrogen follows in an ecosystem.
Nitrogen Fixation The process of converting nitrogen (N2) gas to nitrate.
Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Bacteria that live in the soil and inside swellings of the roots of some plants (such as beans, peas, etc.) that produce usuable nitrogen for the plants in return for carbohydrates.
Ammonification The process where decomposers break down materials that contain nitrogen, such as dung and urine, and release the nitrogen they contain as ammonia (NH3). Through this process, nitrogen is again made availible to other organisms in the ecosystem.
Nitrification The process where soil bacteria take up ammonium and and oxidize it into nitrates, NO2-, and nitrates, NO3-.
Dentrification The process when anaerobic bacteria break down nitrates and release nitrogen gas into the atmosphere.
Phosphorus Cycle The movement of phosphorous from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment.
Created by: DouglasI16
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