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Child Psycology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A __________ is a specific time during development when a given event, or lack of an event, has the greatest impact. | critical period |
| The totality of experiential influences on development is generally referred to as | the environment. |
| Physical, cognitive, psychosocial development are what social scientists call the three __________ of the self. | domains |
| The impact of technological developments such as video games, computers, and the internet are considered Answer | normative history-graded influences. |
| During __________, children begin to develop self-control and have more interest in others. | early childhood |
| Events that occur at about the same age for people around the world, such as starting school, are called | normative age-graded influences. |
| Nonnormative life events are | unusual events that influence a person’s life. |
| A group consisting of people united by ancestry, race, religion, language, or national origin is known as a(n) | ethnic group |
| A __________ is a specific time during development when a given event, or lack of an event, has the greatest impact. | critical period |
| During __________, children begin to develop self-control and have more interest in others. | early childhood |
| Events that occur at about the same age for people around the world, such as starting school, are called | normative age-graded influences. |
| Nonnormative life events are | unusual events that influence a person’s life. |
| A group consisting of people united by ancestry, race, religion, language, or national origin is known as a(n) | ethnic group. |
| A preschool program that is designed to focus on the change and stability in a child’s mental abilities constantly notes changes in the child’s __________ development. | cognitive |
| Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the major divisions of the lifespan? | senescence |
| Kari is very tall for her age. She has less friends than her average-sized classmates. This is an example of the interaction between which two types of development? | physical and psychosocial |
| A society or group’s total way of life, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, language, and so on, is referred to as its | culture. |
| Children become proficient in regulating their own behavior and are very interested in their peer group during | middle childhood. |
| Conditions that increase the likelihood of a negative outcome or result are called __________ factors. | risk |
| Donald is referred to as the “Mayor of the First Grade,” a title given to him because he gets along with everyone and seems to know everything that is going on. These skills demonstrate Donald’s level of __________ development. | psychosocial |
| Human development studies are based on which of the following ideas? | Every portion of the life span is influenced by earlier events and will in turn affect later events. |
| Child development is the scientific study of the processes that human beings undergo from the moment of conception through adolescence. The main focus of study is how children | change. |
| When she was one year old, Suzi had a vocabulary of 10 words. Now, at two years of age, she has a vocabulary of over 100 words. This reflects a(n) __________ developmental change. | cognitive |
| The unfolding of a natural, genetically influenced sequence of physical and psychological patterns is the result of | maturation. |
| Normative history-graded influences include all of the following EXCEPT | the death of a spouse. |
| Dietrich Tiedemann and Charles Darwin used the information obtained from __________ to support their early theories about child development. | baby biographies |
| One-year-old Tamara’s height and weight, along with her newfound ability to walk, | interact with her cognitive, personality, and social development. |
| Attachment is particularly important during which developmental stage? | Infancy |
| Dr. Ortiz is a pediatrician who charts the growth of the body and the brain, and motor skills. Dr. Ortiz appears to focus on | physical development. |
| In western societies, the dominant traditional family structure is the __________ family, while in other societies such as Asian and Latin America, the __________ family is more traditional. | nuclear; extended |
| All of the individuals who were elementary school students in New York City when the World Trade Center towers collapsed shared a common experience. This group is referred to as a(n) | historical generation. |
| Annette started crawling, then standing, and is now taking her first steps. This aspect of Annette’s development is best categorized as | physical development. |
| In the case study involving “Genie,” researchers found that | there is a critical period for language development. |
| Which of the following individuals are members of the same cohort? | a high school student in Cleveland and a high school student in Cincinnati |
| The most common cause of infertility in men is | low sperm production. |
| Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome are caused by abnormalities of the | sex chromosomes. |
| The __________ is the basic unit that determines inherited characteristics. | gene |
| A pattern of inheritance in which certain characteristics carried on the X chromosome inherited from the mother are transmitted differently to her male and female offspring is called | sex-linked inheritance. |
| More complex traits, such as intelligence, seem to be the result of | an interaction between nature and nurture. |
| Which birth defect afflicts African-Americans more than it does other ethnic groups? | sickle-cell anemia |
| Permanent genetic alterations that may produce harmful characteristics are called | mutations. |
| How many pairs of chromosomes does a normal human being have? | 23 |
| When both parents carry an abnormal recessive gene, such as the gene for cystic fibrosis, each of their children has 1 chance in | 2 of being a carrier. |
| Daniel and Nellie are hoping to maximize Nellie’s chances of becoming pregnant. When should they have intercourse? | 14 days after the onset of menstruation |
| The chromosomes that do NOT determine sex are called | zygotes. |
| A cell that has divided through mitosis possesses __________, whereas a cell that has undergone meiosis possesses __________. | 23 pairs of chromosomes; 23 chromosomes |
| The idea that each child in a family grows up in a unique environment is referred to as | nonshared environmental effects. |
| An individual’s __________ consists of that individual’s observable traits; an individual’s __________ is his/her underlying genetic pattern. | phenotype; genotype |
| Dan and Fiona have decided to utilize technology to overcome their infertility problems. They opt to use a procedure in which a mature ovum is surgically removed, fertilized in a laboratory dish, and then implanted in the mother’s uterus. This technique i | in vitro fertilization. |
| The normal complement of sex chromosomes for a woman is ___, and for a man it is ___. | XX; XY |
| Fertilization usually takes place in the __________ as the ovum make the trip from the ovary to the uterus. | fallopian tube |
| A strongly canalized trait is one that | has a large reaction range. |
| A chromosomal disorder characterized by moderate-to-severe mental retardation and a downward sloping skin fold at the inner corners of the eyes is called | Down syndrome. |
| The union of sperm and ovum to produce a zygote is known as | fertilization. |
| A common female cause of infertility is | blockage of the fallopian tube. |
| The process of cell division that produces copies of cells with 46 chromosomes is called | mitosis. |
| If Carol and Robert both pass on the gene for red hair, their child will have red hair. This is an example of __________ inheritance. | dominant |
| When the police ask you to give a description of an assailant and you say that she is tall with black, curly hair, you are describing the assailant’s | phenotype. |
| A statistical estimate of how much heredity influences individual differences in a specific trait at a certain time within a given population is referred to as | heritability. |
| Fred and Wilma have discovered that their infertility is due to Fred’s extremely low sperm count. In an attempt to get pregnant, Wilma has a doctor inject a collection of her husband’s sperm directly into her cervix. This procedure is called | in vitro fertilization. |
| The science of genetics focuses on the | inherited factors that affect development. |
| The sex of a child is determined by the sex chromosomes of | the father. |
| A psychological disorder that is marked by a loss of contact with reality, includes such symptoms as hallucinations and delusions, and seems to have a strong genetic component is | schizophrenia. |
| Genes that produce alternative expressions of a trait are called | alleles. |
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niki5137
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