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Lab 1 Part 2

Lab Practical 1

QuestionAnswer
What are the active ingredients of soaps? anions of fatty acids
Amphiphilic A molecule with a polar, water-soluble group attached to a non-polar water-insoluble hydrocarbon chain.
Hydrophilic Water loving
Hydrophobic water repelling
Micelles roughly spherical structures with the heads pointing outward in aqueous systems
Saponification Separates the fatty acids from the glycerol.
Hydrolysis Bond is broken by the addition of a water molecule.
KOH Softer soap
NaOH Harder soap
Saturated oil More solidified
Unsaturated oil more liquid soap. The double bonds of the fatty acids make kinks in fatty acid chains that make it more difficult to pack the molecules into a solid.
Step 1 Heat plant oils to 65 degrees Celcius
Step 2 Measure 60ml of DI water into 2 beakers
Step 3 weigh out .52 moles of NaOH and KOH
Step 4 Slowly add the base to each beaker of water. Stir until completely dissolved. (temp will rise as solution dissolves)
Step 5 wait for NaOH and KOH to cool to body temp.
Step 6 Highly saturated mixture (melted palm oil, melted coconut oil, olive oil.) Less Saturated Mixture (melted coconut oil, olive oil)
Step 7 Add bases to mixtures and stir for 15 minutes
Step 8 Add color and fragrance
Step 9 Pour into molds
Step 10 Wrap soap in paper towel to "cure" pH will change from alkaline to neutral
Vegetative Propagation medium contains: Minerals, vitamins, energy source, hormones, solidifying agent
Lenticels Little dots in internodes that conduct oxygen into woody tissues.
What plastid is a starch Grain found in? Leucoplast
Center of a starch grain hilum
circles in a starch grain concentric rings
Sclereids protect plants from chewing animals, look like crystals
How can you tell if a cell has a secondary wall? Red stains lignin which coats the secondary wall.
Helical vessel element long cell with striped pattern
Pitted vessel element Solid red with little white holes.
Sieve plates are made of ____ Piths
Created by: kjay
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