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Ch 14 (Earthquakes)
chapter review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where do most divergent boundaries occur? | Along the mid-ocean ridge |
| Name three types of plate boundaries. | Transform, divergent, convergent |
| What causes the motion of the Earth's plates? | Convection currents in the mantle. |
| The geological theory stating that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant, slow-motion is called ________. | Plate tectonics |
| According to Wegener, the continents had all once been part of a "super-continent" called _______. | Pangaea |
| Which scientist formed the Theory of Continental Drift? | Alfred Wegener |
| A place where two plates move apart, or diverge, is called a ______ boundary. | Divergent |
| The place where two plates come together, or converge, is a ____ boundary. | Convergent |
| Name the three main types of faults. | Normal, Reverse, Strike-slip |
| Name three types of stress that can occur in the Earth's crust: | Tension, Compression, Shearing |
| A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, is a ____ boundary. | Transform |
| Name the three main types of seismic waves: | P waves, S waves, Surface waves |
| Where do most faults occur? | Along plate boundaries |
| Name four causes of earthquake damage: | Shaking, Liquefaction, Aftershocks, Tsunamis |
| What are three ways geologists use seismographic data? | Mapping faults, Monitoring changes along faults, Trying to predict earthquakes |
| Which scale uses a rating system to estimate the TOTAL energy released by an earthquake? | Moment-Magnitude Scale |
| What instrument is used to measure seismic waves? | Seismograph |
| Name three common methods (scales) for measuring earthquakes: | Mercalli Scale, Richter Scale, Moment-Magnitude Scale |
| An earthquake on the ocean floor can cause a _______. | Tsunami |
| A building designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake is called ______. | Base-isolated building |
| What do geologists use to locate an earthquake's epicenter? | Seismic waves |
| Folded rock is a sign of a stress force called _______. | Compression |
| Normal faults are caused by ______ forces. | Tension |
| Scientists rate earthquakes of all sizes, near or far, using the _____. | Moment-magnitude scale |
| A fold in rock that bends into an arch is called a(n) _______. | Anticline |
| The difference in arrival time between P waves and S waves helps determine the ______ of an earthquake. | Epicenter |
| List the order in which seismic waves are produced: | P waves, S waves, surface waves |
| Energy can be added to rock through ____. | Stress |
| Which scale measures earthquakes according to the strength of ground motion in a given location? | Mercalli Scale |
| When the land between two normal faults moves upward, a _______ is formed. | Fault-Block Mountain |
| Ground movements caused by seismic waves are recorded by what instrument? | Seismograph |
| The best way to protect yourself in an earthquake is to ____, _____, and ______. | Drop, Cover, Hold |
| Which tool monitors both vertical and horizontal movements along a fault? | GPS satellite system |
| Seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake in what direction? | Away from the focus |
| What type of earthquake wave can travel through both solids and liquids? | P (primary) waves |
| List the order of Earth's layers, beginning with the surface. | Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core |
| Why was Wegener's theory of Continental Drift rejected by other scientists? | He could not name the force causing the continents to move. |
| The process in which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is _______. | Subduction |
| A rift valley forms along a ____ boundary. | Divergent Plate Boundary |
| Earth's lithosphere is divided into sections called _______? | Plates |
| Any trace of an ancient organism preserved in rock is called a ______? | Fossil |
Created by:
bwise
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