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Biology CH4
Energy and Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The capacity of work. | Energy |
| Energy cannot be created or destroyed. | First law of Thermodynamics |
| Energy tends to disperse. | Second law of Thermodynamics |
| Minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction. | Activation Energy |
| Adenosine triphosphate; the main energy carrier between reaction sites in cells. | ATP |
| Phosphate-group transfer. | Phosphorylation |
| A molecule remaining at the end of a reaction. | Product |
| Molecule that enters a reaction. | Reactant |
| Process of chemical change. | Reaction |
| Pocket in an enzyme where subtrates bind and a reaction occurs. | Active Site |
| Describes a region of an enzyme other than the active site that can bind regulatory molecules. | Allosteric |
| An organic molecule that is cofactor. | Coenzyme |
| A metal ion or a coenzyme that associates with an enzyme and is necessary for its function. | Cofactor |
| Protein or RNA that speeds a reaction without being changed by it. | Enzyme |
| Mechanism by which a change that results from some activity decreases or stops the activity. | Feedback Inhibition |
| Series of enzyme-mediated reactions by which cells build, remodel, or break down an organic molecule. | Metabolic Pathway |
| A reactant molecule that is specifically acted upon by an enzyme. | Substrate |
| The number of molecules or ions per unit volume of a fluid. | Concentration |
| Difference in concentration between adjoining regions of a fluid. | Concentration Gradient |
| Net movement of molecules or ions from a region where they are more concentrated to a region where they are less so. | Diffusion |
| Array of enzymes and other molecules that accept and give up electrons in sequence, thus releasing the energy of the electrons in usable increments. | Electron Transfer Chain |
| Membrane property that allows some substances, but not others, to cross. | Selective Permeablity |
| Describes a fluid with a high solute concentration relative to another fluid. | Hypertonic |
| Describes a fluid with a low solute concentration relative to another fluid. | Hypotonic |
| The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. | Osmosis |
| Amount of turgor that prevents osmosis into cytoplasm or other hypertonic fluid. | Osmotic Pressure |
| Pressure that a fluid exerts against a wall, membrane, or some other structure that contains it. | Turgor |
| Energy-requiring mechanism by which a transport protein pumps a solute across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient. | Active Transport |
| Mechanism by which a concentration gradient drives the movement of a solute across a cell membrane through a transport protein. Requires no energy input. | Passive Transport |
| Process by which a cell takings in a small amount of extracellular fluid by the ballooning inward of its plasma membrane. | Endocytosis |
| Process by which a cell expels a vesicle's contents to extracellular fluid. | Exocytosis |
| Endocytic pathway by which a cell engulfs particles such as microbes or cellular debris. | Phagocytosis |
Created by:
SSalvage139
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