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Human Biology Nerves
nervous system stack TRCC Nov 3rd 2007
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| perikaryon is the | body of a neuron |
| axon is the | longest part of neuron which polarizes |
| dendrites | receptors |
| CNS is | brain, spinal |
| CNS is composed of | interneurons |
| white matter makes up the | spinal cord and parts of brain |
| gray matter makes up | inner parts of brain |
| white matter is made of | myelinated neurons |
| cone sensory neurons allow | color, |
| rod sensory neurons allow | b & w vision, sharp images |
| peripheral NS is made of what three groups | somatic autonomic aka sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| somatic does what | controls skeletal muscles |
| parasympathetic does what | "housekeeper" keeps HR, BP, Blood volume, digestion in sync, slows HR |
| sympathetic does what | fight or flight, nervousness, stress, eyes dilate, airway dilates, HR up, erector pili contract |
| sympathetic shuts down | PSNS : SNS acts as antagonist to PSNS |
| What sort of nerves comprise Somatic NS | cranial, spinal, is the framework of nerves, and works with skeletal muscles |
| what NS supplies organs and regulates smooth/cardiac muscles | autonomic |
| How do you cure hiccups? | activate SNS |
| three kinds of neurons | sensory, interneuron, and motor |
| perikaryon, | cell body where all metabolic machinery is housed |
| neurofibrils | tubules and filaments of neuron cell |
| what is the axon hillock? | where body and axon meet |
| CNS does | motor control, and sensory info, like CPU |
| white matter | myelinated long fibers of interneurons |
| gray matter | non myelinated short bodies (naked) |
| Afferent | incoming |
| efferent | outgoing (e is for exiting) |
| what sort of neuron takes longer to transmit a signal | unmyelinated |
| myelin is | a swan cell that wraps around axon |
| perpheral process is from | dendrites to soma |
| central process is from | soma to terminal branches |
| cytoplasmic process is | soma??? |
| end feet are the | synaptic knobs at the end of neurons |
| neurilemma | aka schwan cells that make myelin sheath |
| nodes of ranier | numerous small constrictions of myelin sheath |
| if neuron has nodes then impulses | jump from one node to another in sultory movement |
| resting potential of neuron is | negative 70 mV's within membrane |
| action potential of most neurons is | positive 35 mV's |
| depolarization means that | extracellular Na+ floods in greating a 35 mV intracellular charge |
| Upon repolarization | K+ exits the axon, creating a negative charge again |
| Upon hyperpolarization, | the Na and K pump kicks in to restore balance |
| Cl is ionized within axon as | negative |
| all or nothing threshold | stimuli must be equal or greater than threshold to create wave of polarity |
| subthreshold | that means the stimuli is too weak |
| summation | a series of subthresholds that create a wave of polarity |
| at rest, Na outside the axon is | 20 times greater than within membrane |
| action potential (excitability) happens in | .5 - 120 milliseconds |
| absolute refractory period means | once a stimulus fires a neuron, the neuron cannot be restimulated no matter how strong another stimulus may be |
| Saltatory transmission | 50 percent faster than naked neurons. This means that polarity can sckip myelinated areas and jump from node of ranier to node of ranier |
| Which type of neuron fibers are the fastest | A fibers |
| A fibers are _____ microns thick | 5-20 microns thick |
| A fibers are _____ meters a second fast | 70 - 120 |
| Where are A fibers found | sensory organs, gathers signals |
| B fibers are ____ microns thick | 3 micron in diameter |
| Which fibers are the most myelinated? | A |
| Where are B fibers found? | Internal organs |
| how fast are B fibers | 3-15 m/s |
| C fibers are the fastest or slowest? | slowest |
| C fibers are _____ and how thick | naked and less than 1 micron |
| how slow are C fibers? | .5 - 2 m/s |
| C fibers are found in | pain receptors |
Created by:
The_Good_Mista
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