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Kozier Chapter 48

Factors Affecting Voiding

Factors Affecting VoidingExample of Factor
Infants Developmental Level: Unable to concentrate urine effectively.
Preschoolers Developmental Level: Able to take responsibility for independent toileting.
School-age Developmental Level: Elimination system reaches maturity.
Elders Developmental Level: Diminishing function places this age group at higher risk for toxicity from medications.
Alcohol and caffiene Fluid and Food Intake: Increases increase urine production.
Opiods, antihistamines, anticholinergics Medications: May cause urinary retention.
Long term use of retention catheter. Muscle tone: May affect ability to store and empty urine.
Disease of the kidney Pathologic Conditions: May affect the ability of the nephrons to produce urine.
Cystoscopy Surgical or diagnostic manipulation: may cause structures to swell.
Excessive sodium intake Fluid and Food Intake: May cause fluid retention and decrease urinary output.
Diuretics Medications that increase urinary output.
Surgery on any part of urinary tract May cause the urine to appear pink or red.
Heart disorder Pathologic conditon: May affect blood flow to the kineys.
Created by: kanglin
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