An organism that cannot derive energy from photosynthesis or inorganic chemicals, and so must feed on other plants and animals, obtaining chemical energy by degrading their organic molecules.

An organism able to build all the complex organic molecules that it requires as its own food source, using only simple inorganic compounds

Aerobic cellular respiration

The process that results in te complete oxidation of glucose using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor for an electron transport chain that produces a proton gradient for the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

The use of electron transport to generate a proton gradient for chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP using a final electron acceptor other than oxygen.

chemical reactin involving the loss of a hydrogen atom. This is an oxidation that combines loss of an electron with loss o a proton.

Electron transport chain

The passage of energetic electrons through a series of membrane-associated electron-carrier molecules to proton pumps embedded within mitochondrial or chloroplast membranes.

Substrate level phosphorylation

Chemical reaction resulting in the addition of a phosphate group to an organic molecule. Phosphorylation of ADP yields ATP. May proteins are also acivated or inactivated by it.

Oxidative phophorylation

Sythesis of ATP by ATP synthase using energy from proton gradient. The proton gradient is generated by electron transport, which requires oxygen.

The enzyme responsible for producing ATP in oxidative posphorylation; it uses the energy from a proton gradient to cataylze the reaction ADP + P = ATP

The enzyme-catalyzed extraction of energy from organic compounds without the involvement of oxygen.

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Biology

Chapter 7 Vocabulary

Question	Answer
Heterotrophs	An organism that cannot derive energy from photosynthesis or inorganic chemicals, and so must feed on other plants and animals, obtaining chemical energy by degrading their organic molecules.
Autotrophs	An organism able to build all the complex organic molecules that it requires as its own food source, using only simple inorganic compounds
Aerobic cellular respiration	The process that results in te complete oxidation of glucose using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor for an electron transport chain that produces a proton gradient for the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration	The use of electron transport to generate a proton gradient for chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP using a final electron acceptor other than oxygen.
Dehydrogenations	chemical reactin involving the loss of a hydrogen atom. This is an oxidation that combines loss of an electron with loss o a proton.
Electron transport chain	The passage of energetic electrons through a series of membrane-associated electron-carrier molecules to proton pumps embedded within mitochondrial or chloroplast membranes.
Substrate level phosphorylation	Chemical reaction resulting in the addition of a phosphate group to an organic molecule. Phosphorylation of ADP yields ATP. May proteins are also acivated or inactivated by it.
Oxidative phophorylation	Sythesis of ATP by ATP synthase using energy from proton gradient. The proton gradient is generated by electron transport, which requires oxygen.
ATP synthase	The enzyme responsible for producing ATP in oxidative posphorylation; it uses the energy from a proton gradient to cataylze the reaction ADP + P = ATP
Fermentation	The enzyme-catalyzed extraction of energy from organic compounds without the involvement of oxygen.

Created by: Caitlin_stafford

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