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Management Chapter-8
Robbins and Coulter 11th edition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Planning | defining the organization's goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate work activities |
| Goals(Objectives) | desired outcomes or targets |
| Plans | documents that outline how goals are going to be met |
| Stated Goals | official statements of what an organization says, and what it wants its various stakeholders to believe, its goals are |
| Real Goals | goals that an organization actually pursues, as defined by the actions of its members |
| Strategic plans | plans that aply to the entire organization and establish the organization's overall goals |
| Operational plans | plans that encompass a particular operational area of the organization |
| Long-term plans | plans with a time frame beyond three years |
| Short-term plans | plans covering one year or less |
| Specific plans | plans that are clearly defined and leave no room for interpretation |
| Directional plans | plans that are flexible and set out general quidelines |
| Single-use plan | a one-time plan specifically designed to meet the needs of a unique situation |
| Standing plans | ongoing plans that provide guidance for activities performed repeatedly |
| Traditional goal setting | an approach to setting goals in which top managers set goals that then flow down through the organization and become subgoals for each organizational area |
| Means-end chain | an integrated network of goals in which the accomplishment of goals at one level serves as the means for achieving the goals,or ends, at the next level |
| Management by Objectives (MBO) | a process of setting mutually agreed-upon goals and using those goals to evaluate employee performance |
| Mission | the purpose of an organization |
| Commitment Concept | plans should extend far enough to meet those commitments made when the plans were developed |
| Formal planning department | a group of planning specialists whose sole responsibilty is helping to write organizational plans |
| Environmental scanning | screening information to detect emerging friends |
| Competitor Intelligence | gathering information that allows managers to anticipate competitors' actions rather than merely react to them |
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