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BIO 02
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mutation | Allel Frequency due to Mutation; Always change new genes; can convert one allel to another |
| Conditions that change allele frequency | Nonrandom mating; migration; genetic drift; mutation; natural selection |
| Variation in population | inharited due to envrionment; only genetic compant passed to offspring; mutation and sexual recomination lands in variation |
| Molecular biology | DNA codes bacteria; RNA is made of DNA |
| Comparative embrology | Comparison of the anatomy of structures during early development of early species |
| Homology | Vestigal organs or structures that serve no purpose |
| Biogeography | Geographical distribution of species |
| Fossil record | Organize sequence of fossils as they appear in rock; passing of time; reveals appearance in organism tin historical sequence |
| evidence of evolution | Fossil record; biogeography; Comparitive embryology |
| evolution | led over 1.5 million; biological evolution = population of organisms across generations |
| natural selection | some individual have traits that leave more surviving offspring; alters genectic makeup of populaiton through time; evolution etheory is foundation of modern biology |
| Darwin | made observations of finches (all produce an excess number of offspring but some numbers of population survivs |
| Alcoholic femintation | yeast generates alcohol and CO2 |
| Lactic acid | is in animal cells |
| ATP from femintation | no new ATP is made during fermination; organisms that use fermination only gain 2 ATP from glycolosis |
| What happens in Fermentation | Pryuvate is broken down to produce alcholol by releasing CO2; produces one of several acids |
| Cell Respiration | During Day photosynthisis is faster then resperation which increases in glucose and O2 production; at night no photosynthesis; no glucose or O2 produced |
| H+ Gradient | tied to production of ATP; combines with ATP made in other steps to get 36-40 ATP per molecule of glucose |
| Citric Acid Cycle | starts with 4 Carbon molecules; Makes 2 ATP |
| Transition reaction | Connect glycolysis to cell respiration; pyruvate converted to coenzyme; 2 carbon dioxide released; electrons move from pryuvate to NADA |
| Pyruvate | Pivital metobolite; if 02 is present enters mitochondria; if O2 is not present it stays in cytoplasm and undergoes fementation |
| Glycolysis | takes place in cytoplasm; breaking glycose into 2 pyruvate molecules |
| Enzymes | 2 needed for cell respiration are NAD and FAD; both are electron carriers |
| Cellular respiration | Glucose + 6CO2 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP |
| Migration | Individuals move and migrate from one population to another; genectic effects seen in humans |
| Prokaryotes | numbers out eukaryote; thrive in area where too hot, cold, salty, acidic, alkanic for Eurkayote |
| Genetic drift | Change in allele freqency when small group seperates from large group; mate amoung themselves; change is random; more pronounced |
| Non random mating | individuals of one genotype reproduce more often with eachother than others |
| Protozoa | live by ingesting food like animals. They thrive in aquatic areas |
| Slime molds | like fungi feed on dead animals. find in soil, lawn, forest |
| Unicellular fungi | photosynthetic; exist in freshwater |
| Seaweeds | Multicellular; need saltwater, H2O, light, and a place to attach |
| Vasular plants | have system to transport; widely successful on land; two types of transport: Xylem (carry water) and Phylum (food) |
| Seedless plants | Ferns most common; horsetails / club mosses; reproductive by windblown ferns |
| Seed Vascular plants | Gymosperms; angiosperm; seed-protective coat protects embrio and stored food |
| Gymnosperms | Uncovered naked seeds often on cones |
| Conifers | largest group of gymnosperms; cone bearing pine, spruce, fir, redwood; needle shape; well adapted to hot summers, cool winters, high winds, heavy snows |
| Angiosperm | flowering plant, seed covered by fruit, food, clothing, and medicine |
| types of a flower | Sac and tube-within-tube |
| types of symmetry | asymmetrical; radial; bilateral |
| phylum platyhelminthes | flat worms; planaria; tapeworms (parasites) |
| Phylum Cnideara | Examples: Jellyfish, corals, freshwater hydra |
| Phylum Nematoda | Examples: Round worm; non-segmented; located in sea, soil, and freshwater. Pinworms are common in US |
| Classification of animals | Organization, body plan, symatry; segmentation, coelom |
| Phylum Mollusca | they have three distinct body parts: Vasuceral Mass, foot, and mantic. Gastropods, cephalopods, and bivalves are examples of these |
| gastropods | snails and conch are examples. they have a stomach foot |
| cephalopods | octopus, and squid are examples. they have a head foot. |
| Bivalves | Clams, oysters, and scallops are these |
| Phylum annelida | these are segmented, mostly marine, earthworms (a type of these) are found in soil, and leeches (in freshwater) |
| Phylum arthopoda | Insects are these. exoskeletons exist in these, 3 types are crytaceans, insects, aracnids |
| Crustaceans | mostly marine; shrimp and lobster are these, freshwater crayfish |
| Insects | numorous; 3 body parts (head, thorax, and amdomen) |
| Phylum echlnodermata | Spiny endoskeleton |
Created by:
jolian
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