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Biology Midterm
Biology chap 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A condition in which no reproduction occurs between two populations due to barriers. | geographic isolation |
| Lamarch believed these developed traits could explain evolution | acquired characteristics |
| Process by which new species develop. | speciation |
| Genetic changes that enable a species to adjust to altered conditions in the environment in order to survive. | adaptation |
| process by which organisms best adapted to their environment survive. | natural selection |
| According to Darwin | some members of a population will probably not survive to reproduce |
| The proces of producing a number of different species from one ancestral species is | adaptive radiation |
| According to Biologist Dave Anderson, about what % of eggs laid by the masked booby hatch? | 60 |
| The worst example of a fossil would be from: teeth, bone, skin, or vertebrai? | skin |
| _______ thought only those organisms best suited to the environment would survive and reproduce. | Darwin |
| How did large land animals get to the Galapagos islands? | large chunks of land brought them |
| Variation is most important in Darwin's theory of evolution because | it provides material on which natural selection acts |
| Competition between individuals or a species occurs primarily because of | limited resources |
| The fossil record most clearly demonstrates | species have become more complex over time |
| Squirrels that have been separated into two populations by the construction of a new road through their habitate are | geographically isolated |
| If Radium has a half life of 1620 years, after 4860 years how much of the original Radium is left? | 1/8th |
| evolution is | the process by which existing species change or branch into new species |
| natural selection | occurs gradually, acts on variations within populations, responds to environmental pressures |
| In reptiles, such as tortoises, the sex of the offspring depends on | temperature of the nest |
| All of the animals in the Galapagos island exhibit this unusual trait in the presence of people | act in a calm manner, show indifference towards people |
| A classic example of how living organisms adapt to their environment is seen by 13 species of | finches (birds) |
| vestigial structures are | incomplete body organs that seem to have no useful function in a particular species |
| the 1997-97 El Nino was especially devastating to marine iguanas because it | killed algae and made ocean water warmer |
| embryos of related organisms | show many similarities |
| observing the different beak and body sizes of finch birds on different islands of the Galapagos is an example of | microevolution |
| a group of closely related organisms capable of mating and producing fertile offspring is called a | species |
| half life of an isotope is | the amount of time it takes for one half of an isotope sample to change and become a new element |
| evolution | occurs in the past, present and future; happens to individuals of a population, is a theory |
| an example of convergent evolution in the Galapagos islands is | observing the different beak and body sizes of finch birds |
| Darwin's four basic ideas of natural selection are....... | struggle for existence, variation of traits, overproduction, and extinction |
| homologus structures | body parts in different organisms that have similar bones and similar arrangements of muscle, blood vessels and nerves and undergo similar embryological development, but do not necessarily serve the same function |
| that bones in a birds wing and a human's are similar in sturcture is an example of | homologous structures |
| that all organisms use ATP molecules as chemical energy is an example of | molecular biology |
| molecular biology | biology with molecules |
| In humans there is no known use for the appendix, this is an example of | vestigial structures |
| embryology is | the branch of biology that deals with the formation, early growth, and development of living organisms |
| ___________ thought that organisms have the ability to become more complex in structure | Darwin |
| _______ stated that body parts that are used more are going to develop | Darwin |
| _______ stated that evolution occurs as a result of natural selection | Darwin |
| stablizing selection is | no over population,the "perfect" or stablized population |
| speciation | formationof a new species as a resul of geographic, physiological, anatomical or behavioral factors that prevent previously interbreeding populations from breeding with each other |
| adaptation | the alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its parts that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and multiply |
| natural selection | life forms that have traits that better enable them to adapt to their specific environment will survive and reproduce in greater numbers than other organisms of the same kind |
| geographic isolation | when part of a species becomes geographically isolated from the remainder of the species, and the separated group evolves characterisitics different from the parent (original) population |
| reproductive isolation | prevents 2 or more populations from exchanging genes; separation of the gene pools of populations can lead to a distinct species (occurs by preventing fertilization or by producing sterile hybrids) |
| convergent evolution | organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits as a result of adapting to similar environments |
| adaptive radiation | diversification of a species or single ancestral type into several forms that are each adaptively specialized to a specific environmental niche |
| macroevolution | major evolutionary transition from one type of organism to another occurring at the level of the species and higher taxa |
| microevolution | evolutionary change involving the gradual accumulation of mutations leading to new varieties within a species |
| extinction | the act or process of becoming extinct; a coming to the end of dying out |
| isolation | a segregation of a group of organisms from related forms in such a manner as to prevent cross breeding |
| Darwin believed | evolution |
| Lamarck believed | individuals could acquire specific talents/abilities or traits from their parents |
| Mendel believed | that some traits are recessive and some are dominate |
Created by:
KPatrick
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