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Cell Overview
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| basic unit of all forms of life | cell |
| no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles small and simple | prokaryotic cell |
| has a nucleus, large and complex | eukaryotic cell |
| structures within a cell that have specific functions | organelles |
| regulates what enters and leaves the cell, made of a phospholipid bilayer | cell membrane or plasma membrane |
| contains nearly all of the cell's DNA | Nucleus |
| Site of protein synthesis | Ribosomes |
| pack proteins | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| make lipids | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| modify, sort and package proteins | Golgi apparatus |
| breakdown lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins | lysosomes |
| convert chemical energy into usable energy for cells- site of cellular respiration | mitochondria |
| maintain cell shape | microtubules |
| stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates | vacuole |
| captures energy from sunlight and converts to chemical energy, site of photosynthesis | chloroplasts |
| entire region of the cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane | cytoplasm |
| protects the plant cell and maintains its shape | cell wall |
| movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration | diffusion |
| requires no energy from the cell to transport materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration | passive transport |
| requires energy from cell to transport materials from low concentration to high concentration | active transport |
| passive transport of water across membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration | osmosis |
| use of proteins to help carry molecules along | facilitated diffusion |
| active transport into a cell | endocytosis |
| active transport out of a cell | exocytosis |
| tail used for locomotion (movement) | flagella |
| short hair-like extensions used for movement | cilia |
| structure used to detect sunlight | eyespots |
| temporary projection of cytoplasm used to engulf food | pseudopods |
| undifferentiated cells, cells that can become any type of cell | stem cells |
| cells that are different because they have different functions/jobs (ex: nerve, muscle, skin, etc.) | specialized cells or differentiated cells |
| cells that do not have a specific job (ex: stem cells) | unspecialized cells or undifferentiated cells |
| movement based on the response to chemicals in the environment | chemotaxis |
| movement based on the response to light | phototaxis |
| process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment | homeostasis |
| an organism made of many cells | multicellular organism |
| an organism made of one cell | unicellular organism |
| the standard arrangement of bases in nucleic acids (A-T, C-G) | complimentary bases |
| copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA | DNA replication |
Created by:
jessicagiorgione
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