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Northern Boreal Fore
Ecology Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is the Boreal Forest? | Uppermost Northern Hemisphere, 50-60 degrees, Canada Russia, Alaska, Scandinavia and parts of N Scotland |
| Ice/Snow | Most severe winters on earth- up to 6 months- limits species |
| Fire | Fires are frequent- renew the forest patches- maintaining diversity |
| Lowest recorded temperature in Russia? | - 90 degrees |
| Growing season? | lasts 130 days |
| Soil Characteristics? | soil is thin, nutrient poor, and acidic-- low tempt inhibit bacterial or fungus growth, no earthworms to stir soil, mosses and lichens dominate ground cover, permafrost |
| Understory? | Canopy permits low light so understory is Limited |
| Mammal Adaptations? | Migration, Hibernation, Insulation, Camouflage, Bergman and Allen, Food storage or water |
| How do polar bears get their water? | metabolize there own water from internal energy- breakdown of body fat- since live in a salt water environment good thing |
| Bird Species? | Bird species decline with latitude- Boreal Owl, Northern Harrier-breeds in boreal only, rough legged buzzard, booted eagle, snowy owl, whooping crane- endangered |
| Dominant Conferous trees | Spruce, Fir, Pinetrees |
| Adaptations of conifers to severe winters with snow and a short growing season? | Produce cones- gymnosperms, needlelike leaves, Christmas tree shape, flexible limbs, glycol, thick bark, evergreen |
| What's good about Needle-like leaves? | good in conserving moisture- very thick epidermis, pores are sunken in the epidermis. |
| About the Christmas tree shape (sprial shape)? | an adaptation for the heavy snow loads to slip off trees during winter |
| Limbs, why good? | Limbs are flexible which prevent from being broken during heavy snow loads |
| Glycol | alcohol type fuild in cells- prevents trees from freezing- can survive freezing tempt. |
| What happens as move up in latitude? | Trees become shorter and shorter- proof that climate becomes more severe |
| Diversity in Boreal Forest? | only 1-3 species- big diff from rainforest |
| Property of conifers being Evergreen? | have a very short growing season, maintain chlorophyll machinery in leaves so when time to photosynthesize- it's ready- take advantage! |
| How do trees adapt? | small needlelike leaves, heavily waxed to resist winter, allow photsyn all the time, anti herbivore compounds, symbiotic with mycorrhizae, huge amounts of seeds |
| Fire | Ecosystem dependent on fire, happens every 40-200 yrs, restores nutrients to the soil, clears out all the needles, brunts, material in forest- forest regenerates |
| Examples of why Fires benefit? | Spruce need fire to open up cones and release seeds, Bark Beetles lay eggs on cooling bark, Woodpeckers thrive on grubs |
Created by:
Jahazania
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