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Biology chapter 6

QuestionAnswer
Gametes are organism’s reproductive cells, such as sperm or egg cells.
Binary fission a form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring.
gene a segment of DNA that codes for a pro- tein or RNA molecule.
chromosomes the DNA and the proteins associated with the DNA—become visible,
chromatids The two exact copies of DNA that make up each chromosome
centromere The two chromatids of a chromosome are attached at a point
Homologous chromosomes chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content.
diploid When a cell, such as a somatic cell, contains two sets of chromo- somes,
haploid When a cell, such as a gamete, contains one set of chromosomes,
zygote a fertilized egg cell, the first cell of a new individual.
Autosomes chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex (gender) of an individual.
sex chromosomes one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, contain genes that will determine the sex of the individual.
karyotype a photo of the chromosomes in a dividing cell that shows the chro- mosomes arranged by size.
cell cycle a repeating sequence of cel- lular growth and division during the life of an organism.
interphase A cell spends 90 percent of its time in the first three phases of the cycle
mitosis The process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei
cytokinesis The process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides
Cancer the uncontrolled growth of cells, may result.
Spindles cell structures made up of both centrioles and individual microtubule fibers that are involved in moving chromosomes during cell division.
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