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Chapter 8 Vocab

Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
autosome a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
centromere a region of the chromosome where the two sister chromatids are held together and which is the site of attachment of the chromosome to the spindle fibers during mitosis
chromatid one of the two identical parts of a chromosome
diploid a cell that contains both chromosomes of a homologous pair
haploid having only one chromosome of each homologous pair
histone a protein molecule that DNA wraps around during chromosome formation
homologous chromosome one of a pair of morphologically similar chromosomes
karyotype a picture of an individual's chromosomes
sex chromosome a chromosome that determines sex
anaphase a phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromomes separate
cell plate a membrane that divides newly forming plant cells following mitosis
centriole a structure that appears during mitosis in animal cells
cleavage furrow the area of the cell membrane that pinches in and eventually separates the dividing cell
cytokinesis the division of the cytoplasm of one cell into two new cells
G0 phase a phase of the cell cycle in which the cell is not dividing and its DNA is not replicating
G1 phase the first period of interphase, in which the cell doubles in size
G2 phase the final period of interphase, in which the cell undergoes rapid growth and prepares mitosis
interphase a period of cell growth and development that precedes eukaryotic cell nuclear division
kinetchore a disk-shaped protein found in the centromere region of a chromosome and attaches the chromosomes to the mitotic spindle
meiosis the process of nuclear division that reduces the numbler of chromosomes in a cell by half
metaphase the second phase of mitosis, during which all the chromosomes move to the cell's equator
mitosis eukaryotic nuclear division
mitotic spindle the array of spindle fivers that serve to divide the chromatids during nuclear division
prophase the first stage of mitosis and meiosis, characterized by condensation of chromosomes
spindle fiber one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists in the movement of chromosomes
telophase the final stage of mitosis during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes
asexual reproduction the production of offspirng that does not involve the union of gametes
crossing-over the exchange of genes by reciprocal segments of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
gamete a reproductive cell
genetic recombination produces a new mixture of genetic material by crossing over
independent assortment during meiosis, the random distribution of genes from different chromosomes to the gametes
oogenesis the production of mature egg cells
polar body one of the two small cells produced and discarded during each of the two meiotic divisions that yield the haploid cell
sexual reproduction the production of offspring from the combination of genetic material from two parent organisms
spermatid in meiosis, a haploid cell that develops into a mature sperm cell
spermatogenesis the production of sperm cells
synapsis the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
tetrad a group of two homologous chromosomes during meiosis
Created by: kady.ott
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