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Chapter 7: Membrane
Structure and Function of the Membrane
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cholesterol | Stabilizes the membrane |
| Phospholipid | forms the bilayer of the membrane hydrophilic (polar)head, hydrophobic (non-polar) tail |
| Two Major classes of protein | integral, peripheral |
| integral protein | transmembrane |
| peripheral | loosely associated with the cell membrane |
| Amphipathic | charged and uncharged regions, hydrophobic and hydrophilic |
| Interior | attachment to the cytoskeleton |
| Exterior | carbohydrates, extracellular matrix |
| *Hydrophobic Molecule (Will be on test) | small will go through the membrane by themselves |
| Receptors | Trigger cell activity when molecular messenger binds |
| Diffusion | molecules go from a high to low concentration |
| Passive Diffusion | occurs when molecules diffuse through a concentration gradient |
| Equilibrium | molecules diffuse back and forth no net gain or loss |
| Solute | the particles in a mixture |
| Solvent | the liquid part (usually H2O) of a mixture |
| Osmosis | Passive diffusion of H20 across a semipermeable membrane |
| Hypertonic | Area of high solute concentration in relation to solvent, Cells lose water |
| Hypotonic | Area of high solvent concentration in relation to solute, Cells gain water |
| Gradient | Concentration difference |
| Isotonic | Solutions of equal solute concentration (no osmosis needed), Cells Do not change size |
| Facilitated Diffusion | occurs when protein pore membrane allows solute to diffuse down the concentration gradient, Does not require energy, |
| Transport Protein | involved in moving solute against the concentration gradient |
| Active Transport | requires energy in the form of ATP to move solute across the concentration gradient |
| Uniport | one substance, one direction |
| Symport | two substances, same direction |
| Antiport | 2 substances, different direction |
| Aquaporis | rapid water transport channels |
| Electrogenic Pump | generates electrical voltage across the membrane, occurs in nerve cells, resulting voltage can be used to move the transport of ions against a chemical gradient |
| Co-Transport | coupling of the downhill diffusion of one solute with the uphill diffusion of another |
| Exocytosis | transport of large molecules, begins in the inner membrane bringing molecules outside |
| Endocytosis | transports large molecules, begins in the outer membrane bringing molecules in |
| 3 Types of Endocytosis | 1. Pahgocytosis 2. Pinocytosis 3. Receptor-mediated Endocytosis |
Created by:
marlyj
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