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Biology
Test 2 Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What provides the basic structural and functional unit for living organisms? | Cells |
| Cell Theory | -The Cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit in living organisms -All cells come from pre-existing cell by cell division -The activity of an organism depends on the total activity or its cells |
| What are the structures of the cell surface? | -Plasma Membrane -Cell Wall -Cillia and Flagella |
| What is the structure of the Plasma membrane? | -Phospholipid bilayer -Transport and receptor proteins Steroids |
| What is the function of the plasma membrane? | Controls what enters and leaves the cell. |
| What is the structure of a cell wall? | -No membrane -Carbohydrate fiber in a carbohydrate or protein matrix |
| What is the function of a cell wall? | Protection and structural support |
| What is the structure of Cilia and flagella? | Extensions of the plasma membrane containing a complex of proteins that support and move the structure |
| What is the function of the Cilia and Flagella? | Moves the cell through fluid or moves the fluid past the cell. |
| What are the structures of the Nucleus? | -Nuclear Membrane -Chromosomes -Nucleolus -Transcribing the genetic information into RNA |
| What is the Nuclear Membrane? | A double layer membrane surrounding the nucleous |
| What are Chromosomes? | Contain the genetic information in the form of DNA that provides the blueprints for proteins |
| What is the Nucleolus? | Contains structure for making ribosomes |
| What are Ribosomes? | Structures that make proteins |
| What are the structures of the cytoplasm? | -Endoplasmic Reticulum -Vacuoles -Mitochondria -Chloroplasts -Cytoskeleton |
| What is the structure of the Rough ER? | Network of branching sacs and Ribosomes present. |
| What is the function of the Rough ER? | Produces proteins that will be used to carry messages or provide structure |
| What is the structure of the Smooth ER? | Network of branching sacs and NO Ribosomes present |
| What are the functions of the smooth ER? | -Breaks down lipids Synthesizes lipids needed by the cell -Manufactures phospholipids for the plasma membrane -Reservoir for calcium |
| What is the structure for the Golgi Apparatus? | Flattened Membranous sacs |
| What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus? | Transport and package proteins from the Rough ER toward the Plasma Membrane |
| What is the structure for the Vacuoles? | Membranous sacs |
| What is the function of the Vacuoles? | Storage and transportation of materials within the cell |
| What is the structure of the Mitochondria? | Double Membrane |
| What is the function of the Mitochondria? | Powerhouse of the Cell and Synthesizes ATP |
| What is the structure for Chloroplasts? | Double Membrane |
| What is the function of Chloroplasts? | Production of ATP |
| What is the structure of Cytoskeleton? | System of protein fibers |
| What is the function of Cytoskeleton? | -Gives cell shape and structure -Cell movement -Movement of materials within a cell |
| What are Tissues? | A group of cells specialized for performing a common function |
| What are the 4 major types of tissue? | -Epithelial Tissue -Connective Tissue -Muscle Tissue -Nervous Tissue |
| What does Epithelial Tissue do? | Forms surface covering that protects the body and secretes and absorbs selected substances |
| What does connective Tissue do? | Forms structures that support the body and hold the body together |
| What do Muscle Tissues do? | Enables movement |
| What do Nervous Tissues do? | Enables fast, specific communication between cells of the body using electrical signals |
| What are Organs? | A group of Tissues that form an identifiable structure unit and that work together to perform a specific function |
| What are Organ Systems? | A group of tissues that work together to perform a range of functions related to an important task |
| Integumentary System | External body covering, protects internal structures and has pain and pressure receptors for sensing the external enviroment |
| Skeletal System | Provides structural support and protection for internal organs. Framework for movement |
| Muscular System | Locomotion, Manipulation of the environment. Posture, protection of body heat |
| Nervous System | Senses and processes information from the internal and external environment of the body. Responds to information. |
| Endocrine System | Secretes hormones that regulates metabolism. Growth production |
| Cardiovascular System | Transports oxygen, nutrients, wastes and hormones from one place to another |
| Lymphatic System | Picks up fluids leaked from blood vessels and return to the blood. Monitors the lymph |
| Respiratory System | Obtains oxygen for the body from the environment and removes carbon dioxide from the body and releases it |
| Digestive System | Breaks down food |
| Urinary System | Eliminates nitrogenous waste from the blood |
| What are Unicellular Organisms? | -Single Celled -Can carry out all the functions necessary to live by itself -Live in Colonies -Specialized organelles enable a wide variety of life |
| What is a Colony? | -A group of independant cells that benefit from living together -Involve specialization of the cells in the colony |
| What are Multicellular Organisms? | -Dependent on each other for their survival -Cell function is highly specialized |
| Acoelomate | Multicellular organisms with tissues and organs but no body cavity |
| Pseodocoelomate | Multicellular organisms with tissues, organs and false body cavity |
| Eucoelomate | Multicellular organisms with tissues, organs and a body cavity |
| What are Multicellular organisms without tissues, organs or body cavity? | Phylum Porifera (Sponges) |
| What are Multicellular organisms with tissue but no organs or body cavity? | Phylum Cnidaria |
| What kingdom are snakes in? | Animalia |
| How do you know if a snake is poisonous? | -Head -Eyes -Pits -Scale patterns |
| What has a Nucleus? | Eukaryotes |
| What lacks membranous organelles such as ER, Mitochondria and Vacuole? | Prokaryote |
| What are Bacteria cells? | Prokaryotes |
| What moves a cell through fluid and moves fluid past the cell? | Cilia |
Created by:
cgastineau1
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