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Intro to BioChem
Very Basic Bio Chemistry for HIgh School Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What Element is C? | Carbon |
| How many bonds can Carbon form? | 4 |
| What element is H? | Hydrogen |
| How many bonds can H form? | 1 |
| What element is O? | Oxygen |
| How many bonds can O form? | 2 |
| What element is N? | Nitrogen |
| How many bonds will N form? | 3 |
| What are the 4 essential elements organisms need? | Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Carbon |
| What is an ion? | charged atom or molecule |
| What is a polar molecule? | molecule with positive and negative charged regions |
| What is a nonpolar molecule? | molecule with no net charge and no polar regions |
| What is a covalent bond? | electrons are shared evenly |
| Why don't noble gases form compounds? | their valence shells are full |
| What is an acid? | substance that donates H+ |
| What is a base? | substance that accepts H+ |
| What is a buffer? | maintains pH by accepting or donating H+ to restore proper pH - homeostasis |
| What is a hydrogen bond? | positive region of one molecule is attracted to the negative region of another molecule |
| What is cohesion? | the ability of particles to stick together |
| What is adhesion? | the ability of molecules to stick to each other |
| How does water moderate temperature in organisms? | heat is absorbed to break hydrogen bonds before water temperature rises |
| What are organic compounds? | compounds that contain carbon atoms bonded to other carbon atoms as well as Hydrogen, Oxygen or Nitrogen |
| What are monomers? | single molecules |
| What are polymers? | monomers linked together |
| What are functional groups? | in organic compounds, cluster of atoms that influence the properties of the compound |
| What is an alcohol functional group? | an organic compound with a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to a Carbon |
| What are macromolecules? | large polymers |
| What is a condensation reaction? | a chemical reaction that links molecules together and builds water molecules |
| What is hydrolysis? | a chemical reaction that breaks molecules apart by adding water molecules between them |
| What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? | a compound that contains a large amount of energy that can be used by organisms |
| What are carbohydrates? | organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; sugars |
| What is a monosaccharide? | carbohydrate made up of one molecule |
| What is a disaccharide? | carbohydrate made up of two sugar molecules |
| What is a polysaccharide? | carbohydrate made up of more than two sugar molecules |
| What are proteins? | organic compounds made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen |
| How many amino acids are there? | 20 |
| What are amino acids? | the building blocks of proteins |
| What is a peptide bond? | bond between amino acids |
| What is a polypeptide? | a long chain of amino acids; protein |
| What is an enzyme? | catalysts for organisms; reduce activation energy |
| What is activation energy? | the energy necessary to begin a chemical reaction |
| What is a substrate? | substance being changed by an enzyme |
| What are lipids? | fats |
| What are fatty acids? | unbranched carbon chains that make up lipids |
| What is hydrophillic? | polar, bonds or reacts with water |
| What is hydrophobic? | nonpolar, does not react with water |
| What is a triglyceride? | three molecules of fatty acid joined together by one molecule of the alcohol glycerol |
| What is a phospholipid? | two molecules of fatty acids joined by one molecule of the alcohol glycerol |
| What is a wax? | one long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain |
| What are nucleic acids? | compounds that store hereditary information |
| What is ribonucleic acid (RNA)? | stores and tranfers the informatino to make proteins |
| What are nucleotides? | monomers that make up the polymers called DNA and RNA |
Created by:
zoebole
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