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Science
Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| fields of earth science? ( 5 branches) | geology, oceanography, meteorology, astronomy , environmental science |
| geology | study of earth's surface, interior and history |
| oceanography | the study of oceans |
| astronomy | the study of the universe beyond earth |
| environmental science | study of earth's environment and resources |
| biosphere | all organisms on earth as well as the environments in which they live. |
| lithosphere | includes crust and upper mantle |
| hydrosphere | water in earth's oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, glaciers, and atmosphere |
| atmosphere | gases surrounding earth including 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen |
| structure of the solid earth | crust - thinnest , mantle - biggest , outer core - liquid , inner core - solid |
| atmosphere of earth | Nitrogen - 78% , oxygen- 21 % , argon- 1% , other gases- 0,6 % |
| crust of earth (continental) | (composition) made of granite ,(depth) 20 - 70 km in depth , (properties) cool rigid and brittle |
| oceanic crust | (composition) made of basalt ,(depth) 7-10 km in depth ,(properties) cool rigid and brittle |
| mantle | (composition) very dense , variety of minerals in composition , (depth) the crust is 2900km in depth, (properties) the upper mantle is hot and plastic , the lower mantle is rigid , hotter and has great pressure |
| outer core | (composition) is iron and nickel , (depth) it is 2900km to 5150 km in depth , (properties) it is liquid |
| inner core | (composition) is iron and nickel , (depth) 5150 to 6400 km in depth , (properties) it is solid |
| asthenosphere | its composition is partially melted rock like silly putty , (Depth) is like the upper part of the mantle , ( properties) tectonic plates float on it. |
| laboratory safety behaviors | Get the teacher's permission before you want to start a lab , Study all the procedures, use the safety equipment, do not eat or drink during a lab, keep materials away from flames , report a incident or accident |
| unsafe lab behaviors | slanting a test tube near you or someone else while heating , not knowing how to use a fire extinguisher, eye wash or safety shower , not disposing any chemicals left |
| safety equipment | fire extinguisher , triple beam balance , beaker , safety goggles, fume hood, test tube, graduated cylinder , dropper , eye wash station , shower |
| scientific method | a problem solving tool used by scientists |
| scientific method steps | 1. state the problem as question 2. research the problem 3. form a hypothesis 4. write down the procedures 5. perform your experiment 6. observe and record results 7. interpret your data 8. state your conclusion |
| control group | gives a basis comparing the experimental group. |
| experimental group | the group that is being tested by changing variables at a time . |
| remote sensing | collecting data from the earth's surface from space by satellites |
| landsat satellite | collects data in visible and infrared from energy reflected by the earth |
| topex/Poseidon satellite | uses radar to map the ocean floor . transmits high frequency signals and bounces them off the ocean surface |
| GPS ( global positioning system) | radio navigation system using 24 satellites to determine exact positions on the earth. |
| 3 satellites - | to get longitude and latitude |
| ecology | habitats of organisms and how organisms interact with each other and their environments |
| density | amount of mass per unit. you get density by dividing the mass of matter by it's volume |
| mass | the amount of matter in an object. |
| volume | the amount of space occupied by an object |
| scientific notation | a type of shorthand used by a scientist in which a number is expressed as a multiplier and a power of 10. |
| Technology | application of scientific discoveries |
| frequency | number of waves that pass a given point each second. |
| wavelength | the distance from the crest of one wave to the top of the next crest. |
| theory | the best guess with all available info. |
| Graphing | a line graph is a visual display that shows how two variables are related. on a line graph, the independent variable is plotted on the horizontal x axis and the dependent variable is plotted on the y axis. a graph must have a title , units and be neat. |
| metric units and conversions | the metric units are meters , liters and grams ( use KHDMDCM ) move left or right how many spaces using KHDMDCM |
| jobs of astronomers | study stars , planets , life cycle of stars. launch satellites and probes |
| jobs of meteorologists | use scientific principles to predict the weather or anything related |
| jobs of oceanographers | study plate tectonic movements , ocean currents , sea life and composition of sea water. |
| jobs of geologists | study minerals, earthquakes , fossils and oil drilling |
| jobs of volcanologist | study volcanoes |
| jobs of seismologist | study earthquakes |
| jobs of environmental scientists | study water pollution and global warming. |
| meteorology | study of earth's atmosphere and weather |
| 4 satellites - | elevation |
| how to read graduated cylinder | eye level , from the bottom , flat surface |
| as volume gets bigger | density decreases |
| finding volume (liquids) | graduated cylinder , eye levels , read at bottom of meniscus . measured in ml |
| finding volume ( cubes , rectangle) | l x w x h . measured in cm cubed |
| finding volume (irregular solids) | water displacement measured in ml |
| finding mass (solids) | triple beam balance . measured in grams |
| finding mass (liquids) | mass of liquid and container minus the mass of empty container. measured in grams |
| finding density | mass divided by volume . measured in g/cm cubed or g/ml |
Created by:
dk7
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