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Bio Ch 3: Ecology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define ecology | study of how organisms interact w/ each other and the environment |
| State Levels of Organization in order from smallest biggest. | Species Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere |
| How are biomes separated? | by climate |
| What is the biosphere? | All parts of the planet in which life exists (includes earth+atmosphere) |
| How do ecologists understand relationships within biosphere? | by asking questions about events and organisms that range from simple to very complex |
| Define species | a group of organisms who can breed and produce offspring together |
| Define population | a group of organisms from same species living in same area |
| define community | collection of diff populations living in same area |
| Define ecosystem | interaction of biotic (living) + abiotic (nonliving) factors in an area |
| Define biome | a group of ecosystems that have same climate |
| highest level of organization that ecologists study? | biosphere |
| 3 basic approaches scientists use to learn about ecology? | Observing, experimenting, modeling |
| Sunlight is the main ___________ | energy source for all life one earth |
| What do organisms use for energy if they don't use the sun? | energy stored in inorganic chemical compounds |
| How does energy flow through an ecosystem? | in one direction sun/inorganic -> autotrophs -> heterotrophs |
| What happens to the amount of energy transferred through trophic levels? | only 10% is transferred to next level |
| Define autotroph | organisms that capture energy from sun/inorganic chemicals to make own food |
| Define heterotroph | organism that relies on other organisms for energy |
| What happens in photosynthesis | Light energy+ water + CO2 = oxygen + glucose |
| What is chemosynthesis | when organisms use energy from inorganic chemicals to produce glucose |
| Autotroph is same as __________ heterotroph is same as ________ | producer, consumer |
| what is detritus? | plant/animal remains + dead matter |
| What are the types of heterotrophs? | herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, detritivore, decomposer |
| what is a food chain? | series of steps that shows where energy transferred as organisms eat each other |
| what is a food web | diagram of multiple food chains in an ecosystem |
| what is an ecological pyramid? | diagram showing amount of energy/matter at each trophic level |
| why does only 10 percent of energy get passed on? | organisms use the energy for life processes |
| define biogeochemical cycle | how biotic/abiotic factors cycle between organisms and biosphere |
| what are nutrients? | all chemical substances an organism needs to survive |
| Main parts of water cycle: | condensation, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration |
| what is nitrogen fixation? | process where bacteria converts nitrogen gas into ammonia |
| what is denitrification? | process of bacteria converting nitrates into nitrogen gas |
| how does phosphorus move through biosphere? | starts in rock/sediment/soil --> gets to plants --> gets to animals |
| what is primary productivity? | rate at which organic matter is created by producers |
| what is a limiting nutrient | a nutrient that is very scarce or cycles slowly and limits the ecosystem |
| what is an algal bloom? | when aquatic ecosystem receives large amount of limiting nutrient = more producers |
| what is biomass? | total amount of organic matter in a trophic level |
| what is an energy pyramid? | shows how much energy is available to each trophic level |
| what is a pyramid of numbers? | shows the number of organisms in each trophic level |
| biomass pyramid: | shows amount of organic matter per trophic level (g) |
Created by:
mhaq.16
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