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Biochemistry - Long

Biochemistry Notes

QuestionAnswer
Atom Basic building block of matter
Element Substances that are made of entirely one kind of atom
Molecule Uncharged group of atoms held together by a covalent bond
Covalent Bond A chemical bond that is formed by sharing of electrons
Proton Positive parts of an atom found in the nucleus of the atom
Nucleus The center of the atom
Electron Negatively charged particles found in the spaces outside the nuclei
Nuetron In the nucleus, particles that are nuetral or have no electric charge
Compound A substance made up of two or more atoms with different proportions
Mixture The combination of substances that are physically mixed without forming new chemical bonds
Solution A mixture of liquid
Inorganic Compounds that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen elements
Organic Compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen elements
Biochemistry The study of life as it relates to chemistry
Most abundant element found in the body Oxygen
All organisms consist of the same simple... Monomers
Primary energy source for cells Glucose
Enzymes are... Specific
How many enzymes are in the human body? 2,000 - 4,000
Three factors that affect the rate of enzyme action are: Temperature, pH, amount of substrate and enzyme
What is digestion reaction? Breaking down complex molecules to form simple molecules
Catalyst A substance that will affect the rate of a reaction and will not be used up or changed
Fructose, Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose are all what? Sugars
What is the active site? It is where the reaction takes place
What happens to enzymes when you have a high fever? They may stop working if their shape is denatured due to the high fever
optimal pH The pH at which the organism grows the best
Synthesis Reactions Building simple molecules to more complex molecules
Where are enyzmes found? All parts of the cells (animal and plants) and throught the body
What are some complex carbohydrates? Starch, Chitin, Cellulose
CHNOPS Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
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