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patho ch2 unitquiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what kind of cellular adaptation is when cells decrease or shrinkage in size? | Atrophy |
| WHen atrophy occurs? | occurs with early development, or as a result of decreases in workload, use pressure, hormonal stimulation |
| What kind of cellular adaptation is when the cells increase in the size? | hypertrophy |
| what causes hypertrophy? | accumulation of protein by specific hormone stimulation or increased functional demand |
| what kind of adaptation is when cells increase in the number? | hyperplasia. |
| What causes hyperplasia? | result from an increased rate of cellular division |
| Enlarging uterus at pregnancy is the examples of which adaptation? | hypertrophy and hyperplasia |
| What kind of adaptation is when one mature cell is replaced by another less differenciated cell? | metaplasia |
| What is called for abnormal changes in the size, shape, organization of the cell? | Dysplasia |
| how cellular injury occur? | It occurs if the cell is unable to maintain homeostasis in the face of injurious stimuli. |
| What is homeostasis? | a normal or adaptive steady state |
| What is the difference between cellular injury and cell death? | Cellular injury can either be reversible or irreversible, and cell death is irreversible. |
| what kind of injury is that can result from decreased amount of oxygen in the air, loss of hemoglobin? | hypoxia |
| what is the common cause of hyposia, and what is it? | ischemia. reduced blood supply |
| what is called sudden total lack of oxygen? | anoxia |
| what is called the additional injury from restoration of oxygen? | reperfusion injury |
| what is free-radical induced injusry? | excess reactive oxygen species(ROS) overwhelms endogeous anioxidant systems causes oxidative stress. It causes free-radicals and damage membrane. |
| What is chemical injury? | It begins with a biochemical interaction between a toxic substance and the cell's plasma membrane leading increases permeability. |
| what kinds of chemical agent cause cellular injury? | lead, CO, ethanol,mercury,social drugs |
| what is contusion? | bleeding into the skin or underlying tissues as a consequence of a blow that squeexes or crushes the soft tissues and consequently ruptures blood vessels without breaking the skin. |
| what is hematoma? | a collection of blood in soft tissues or an enclosed space |
| what is abrasion? | results form removal of the superficial layers of the skin caused by friction between the skin and injuring object. |
| what is laceration? | tear or rip resulting when the tensile strength of the skin or tissue is exceeded. |
| what is incised wound? | a cut that is longer than it is deep |
| what is stab wound? | penetrating sharp force injury that is deeper than it is long |
| what is puncture wound? | instruments or objexts with sharp points but without sharp edges may produce. The injuries often have abrasion of the edges, can be quite deep. |
| what is chopping wound? | heavy edged instruments produce injuries. |
| List 3 types of aspyxial injuries. | suffocation, strangulation, drowning |
| what is necrosis? | accidental cell death, occurs after severe and sudden injury |
| what is apoptosis? | programmed cell death. |
| List 3 steps of necrosis | 1)karyolysis: nuclear dissolution and lysis of chromatin 2)pyknosis: nucleus shrinks and becomes a small, dense mass of genetic material 3)Karyorrhexis:fragmentation of the nucleus into smaller particles or "nuclear dust". |
| List 4 types of necrosis | coaglative necrosis, liquefactive necrosis, caseous necrosis, gangreous necrosis |
| what is cogulative necrosis | caused by hypoxia.occurs in the kidneys, heart.protein in the cell becomes firm. |
| what is liquefactive necrosis? | commonly results from ischemic injury in the brain. the tissue becomes soft liquefies. |
| what is caseous necrosis? | commonly rsults from tuberculous pulmonary infection. tissues appear soft and granular. |
| what is gangrenous necrosis? | results from severe hypoxic injury. |
| what is somatic death? | death of the entire person |
| what is algor mortis? | postmortem reduction of body temperature |
| what is livor mortis? | a purple discoloration developed by gravity when blood to settle in the most dependent or lowest, tissues |
| what is rigor mortis? | muscle stiffening |
| what is postmortem autolysis? | putrefactive changes associated with the release of enzymes and lytic dissolution |
Created by:
hiroko lucky
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