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patho ch1 unitquiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the characteristics of prokaryotic cell? | It does not contain organelles, and its nuclear material is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane.It does not have nucleus. |
| At where procaryotes carry their genetic information? | The nuclei carry genetic information in a single circular chromosome, and they lack a histones. |
| What is the characteristics of eukyaryotic cell? | It has membrane bound organells including nucleus. |
| What are structures and functions of organelles? | They are enclosed in biologic membranes and simultaneously carry out functions that require different biochemical environments. |
| What is ribosomes? | RNA-protein complexes. It is site for cellular protein synthesis |
| What is Endoplasmic Reticulum | It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid components of most of the organelles |
| What is Golgi complex? | It is responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles that break away from the Golgi complex and migrate to a variety of intracellular and extracellular destinations.Refining plant. |
| What is lysosomes? | They are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. The enzymes are responsible for digesting most cellular substances down to their basic form, such a amino acids, fatty acids, and sugars. |
| What is peroxisomes? | They contain several enzymes that either produce or use hydrogen peroxide. Major site of oxigen utilization. Detoxifying wastes within the cell. |
| What is mitochondoria? | They contain the metabolic machinery for metabolism. They generate most of the cell's ATP. |
| What is Vaults? | Cellular trucks carrying mRNA from the nucleus to the ribosomal sites of protein synthesis |
| What is cytosol? | gelatinous semi-liquid potion of the cytoplasm. All intermediary metabolism occurs here. |
| What is cytoskelton? | bones and muscles of the cell. It maintains cell's shape, internal organization, permits movement of substances within the cell.It includes microtubules, actin fillaments. |
| What is plasma membrane? | It is bilayer lipid molecules and control the composition of the space, compartment they enclose. |
| How cells communicate with other cells? | 1)protein channels(gap junctions) 2)plasma-membrane bound signaling molecules (receptors) 3)secrete chemical signal |
| List two types of cellular metabolism. | 1)Anabolism: energy-using process, building,2)Catabolism: evergy-releasing process, break-down |
| What are the steps of catabolism? | 1)extracellular digestion: break-down macromolecules to smaller subunits 2)intracellular break-down: small subunits become pyruvate, Acetyl CoA 3)Citric acid cycle and electron transport chain, oxydative phosphorylation |
| What is passive transport? | By the force of osmosis, hydrostatic, or diffusion, water and small electrically uncharged molecules move through pores in the plasma membrane. |
| What is active transport? | Larger molecules are moved into the cell through transport proteins with using energy.eg.Sodium potassium pump |
| What is cell cycle? | It is the reproductive process of cells. |
| What happens in S phase? | DNA synthesis in nucleus |
| What happens in G2 phase? | DNA synthesis completes and grow |
| What happens in M phase? | Mitosis for somatic cells and Meiosis for gametes. Nuclear and cytoplasmic division occur. |
| What happens in G1 phase? | growth phase |
| 4 tissue types | muscle, neural, epithelial, connective |
| What Sodium potassium pump does for the body? | It regulates the cells' volume by controlling leaks through pores or protein channels and maintains the ionic concentration gradient necessary for cellular excitation and membrane conductivity. |
| How sodium potassium pump works? | It uses ATP to move cations. When 3 sodium are transferred out of the cell, 2 potassium are transferred in creating electrogenicity. |
Created by:
hiroko lucky
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