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8th gr Sci Ch 2 Voc
8th grade Science Chapter 2 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the quantity of matter in the object | mass |
| the gravitational attraction for an object's mass | weight |
| the space an object occupies | volume |
| a push or a pull | force |
| gives things weight, it pulls you toward the center of earth | gravity |
| force that acts on an object as it moves through a distance | work |
| added to or taken from an object when work is done on it by a force | energy |
| energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only be changed from one form to another. what law is this? | first law of thermodynamics |
| the smallest building block of matter | atom |
| atoms with more or fewer electrons than protons | ions |
| a pure substance made of one kind of atom | element |
| the atoms of one element can bond with atoms from other elements to form this | compound |
| distinct particles formed by the combination of two or more atoms | molecules |
| when matter changes in a way that doesn't change its chemical identity | physical change |
| when a pure substance changes into another substance | chemical change |
| a change occurring in the nucleus of an atom when it emits or absorbs rays or particles, or when the nucleus splits or joins with another | nuclear changes |
| How would a scientist define work? | A force that acts on an object as it moves through a distance |
| Define energy. What happens to an objects energy when work is done on it? | It is an object in which work is done. When work is done on an object, energy is added or taken from it. |
| What are the two kinds of mechanical energy? What effects each kind of energy? | Kinetic and potencial energy...KE is in a moving object. PE is in an object when a force acting on it gives it the potential to move. It depends on its mass and its distance it could fall. The higher it is the greater its potential energy. |
| What kind of energy is a piano? | sound |
| What kind of energy is a toaster? | thermal - electrical |
| What kind of energy is a computer screen? | light |
| What kind of energy is static on a sweater? | electrical |
| What kind of energy is food? | chemical |
| What happens to energy when it is used? What is this principle called? | Conservation of Energy - saving energy |
| True or False An avalanche of rocks is dangerous because of the huge amount of kinetic energy it develops as the rocks fall. | True |
| Discuss the three main subatomic particles. | Protons, Neutrons, Electrons |
| Where are protons located in the atom? | The nucleus |
| Where are neutrons located in the atom? | The nucleus |
| Where are electrons located? | In the space around the nucleus |
| What is a protons relative mass? | Relatively large mass |
| What is a neutrons relative mass? | Are slightly more massive than protons |
| What is an electrons relative mass? | Smaller of the protons and neutrons |
| What is the electrical charge of a proton? | Single positive charge |
| What is the electrical charge of a neutron? | No electrical charge |
| What is the electrical charge of an electron? | Single negative charge |
| Compare and Contrast the neutral atoms and atomic ions. | NA have equal numbers of protons and electrons. AI are atoms with more or fewer electrons than protons. |
| What is chemical compound? | A pure substance because it always contains the same elements in the same proportions. |
| In what three ways can particles in matter be arranged? | Atoms, molecules, compounds |
| What kind of particles make up most of the earth's atmosphere? | compounds |
| Describe three ways matter can change. | physical, chemical, nuclear |
| Ocean waves and sand erode a sea cave in a solid rock cliff is an example of what change... | physical |
| Fallen snow compacts into glacier ice is an example of what change... | physical |
| A solid rock decomposes into a different substance (called clay) from exposure to sun and rain is an example of what change... | chemical |
| A sample of radioactive uranium slowly turns into the element lead over a long period of time is an example of what change... | nuclear |
| A pond dries up is an example of what type of change... | physical |
| Acid rain gradually eats away the features of a limestone statue in NYC is an example of what type of change... | chemical |
| How is the use of nuclear reactions for power generation an example of good and wise dominion science? | We are using what God has provided for us to power our earth and by doing that we are further exploring everything God has made (example - getting rid of pollution) |
| True or False When a log burns, its matter disappears. | False |
Created by:
bgpalmers
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