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Bio-Chapter2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | unit of matter |
| nucleus | center of an atom; contains protons and neutrons |
| electron | a negatively charged particle |
| element | pure substance that consists entirely of 1 type of atom |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain |
| compound | a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions |
| ionic bond | formed when 1 or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| ions | positively or negatively charged atoms |
| covalent bond | when moving electrons travel about the nuclei of both atoms |
| molecule | smallest unit of most compounds |
| van der Waals forces | when molecules are close together, a slight attraction can develop between the oppositely charged regions of nearby moleules |
| hydrogen bond | the attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge |
| cohesion | an attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substances |
| mixture | a material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together not chemically combined |
| solution | all components are evenly distributed throughout the solution |
| solute | substance that is always dissolved |
| solvent | substance in which the solute is dissolved |
| suspensions | when some materials don't dissolve in water, instead separate into small pieces so small they don't settle out |
| pH scale | measurement system used to measure that indicates the amount of positive hydrogen ions in a solution;0-14 |
| lower than 7 | acids |
| greater than 7 | bases |
| acid | any compound that forms positive hydrogen ions in a solution |
| base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution |
| buffers | weak acids or bases that an react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| monomers | smaller units |
| polymers | joined monomers |
| carbohydrates | compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms |
| monosaccharides | single sugar molecules |
| lipids | macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms, includes fats, oils and waxes |
| nucleic acids | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| nucleotides | subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| proteins | macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
| amino acids | compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
| chemical reaction | process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| reactants | elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| products | produced by chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy needed to start a reaction |
| catalyst | speeds up the rate of a chemical reactions |
| enzyme | speeds up chemical reactions that take place in cells |
| substrates | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
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ninjabunny0
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